horizontal transmission

horizontal transmission

n.

Transmission of infection by contact.

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horizontal transmission,

the spread of an infectious agent from one person or group to another, usually through contact with contaminated material, such as sputum or feces.

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transmission [trans-mish´un]

1. a passage or transfer, as of a disease from one individual to another, or of neural impulses from one neuron to another.

2. the communication of inheritable qualities from parent to offspring.

horizontal transmission the spread of an infectious agent from one individual to another, usually through contact with bodily excretions or fluids, such as sputum or blood, that contain the agent.

vertical transmission transmission from one generation to another. The term is restricted by some to genetic transmission and extended by others to include also transmission of infection from one generation to the next, as by milk or through the placenta.

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transmission,

n the transfer or conveyance of a thing or condition, such as an infectious or genetic disease or hereditary trait, from one person to another.

transmission, horizontal,

n the transfer of an infection from person to person; direct transmission of a disease.

transmission, vertical,

n the transmission of a disease from mother to child either during pregnancy, childbirth, or by breastfeeding.

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transmission

1. transfer, as of an infection from one patient to another.

2. of nervous impulses. See neuromuscular transmission.

3. heredity.

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airborne transmission

spread of infection by droplet nuclei or dust through the air. Without the intervention of winds or drafts the distance over which airborne infection takes place is short, say 10 to 20 feet.

arthropod transmission

by insect, either mechanically via a contaminated proboscis or feet, or biologically when there is growth or replication of the organism in the arthropod. See also trans-stadial.

biological transmission

involving a biological process, e.g. passing a stage of development of the infecting agent in an intermediate host. Opposite to mechanical transmission.

colostral transmission

a form of vertical transmission via successive generations.

contact transmission

the disease agent is transferred directly by biting, sucking, chewing or indirectly by inhalation of droplets, drinking of contaminated water, traveling in contaminated vehicles.

cyclopropagative transmission

the agent undergoes both development and multiplication in the transmitting vehicle.

developmental transmission

the agent undergoes some development in the transmission vehicle.

fecal-oral transmission

the infectious agent is shed by the infected host in feces and acquired by the susceptible host through ingestion of contamined material.

horizontal transmission

lateral spread to others in the same group and at the same time; spread to contemporaries.

mechanical transmission

the transmitter is not infected in that tissues are not invaded and the agent does not multiply.

propagative transmission

the agent multiplies in the transmission vehicle.

vector transmission

see vector.

vertical transmission

from one generation to the next, perhaps transovarially or by intrauterine infection of the fetus. Some retroviruses are transmitted in the germ line, i.e. their genetic material is integrated into the DNA of either the ovum or sperm.

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horizontal transmission

Epidemiology The transmission of an infection from one to another person of the same generation in the same population. Cf Hereditary transmission, Vertical transmission.