high-output heart failure

failure /fail·ure/ (fāl´yer) inability to perform or to function properly.

---

acute congestive heart failure  rapidly occurring cardiac output deficiency marked by venocapillary congestion, hypertension, and edema.

backward heart failure  a concept of heart failure emphasizing the causative contribution of passive engorgement of the systemic venous system, as a result of dysfunction in a ventricle and subsequent pressure increase behind it.

bone marrow failure  failure of the hematopoietic function of the bone marrow.

congestive heart failure  (CHF) that characterized by breathlessness and abnormal sodium and water retention, resulting in edema, with congestion of the lungs or peripheral circulation, or both.

diastolic heart failure  heart failure due to a defect in ventricular filling caused by an abnormality in diastolic function.

forward heart failure  a concept of heart failure that emphasizes the inadequacy of cardiac output relative to body needs and considers venous distention as secondary.

heart failure  inability of the heart to pump blood at a rate adequate to fill tissue metabolic requirements or the ability to do so only at an elevated filling pressure; defined clinically as a syndrome of ventricular dysfunction with reduced exercise capacity and other characteristic hemodynamic, renal, neural, and hormonal responses.

high-output heart failure  that in which cardiac output remains high; associated with hyperthyroidism, anemia, arteriovenous fistulas, beriberi, osteitis deformans, or sepsis.

kidney failure  renal f.

left-sided heart failure , left ventricular failure failure of adequate output by the left ventricle, marked by pulmonary congestion and edema.

low-output heart failure  that in which cardiac output is decreased, as in most forms of heart disease, leading to manifestations of impaired peripheral circulation and vasoconstriction.

premature ovarian failure  premature menopause.

renal failure  inability of the kidney to excrete metabolites at normal plasma levels under normal loading, or inability to retain electrolytes when intake is normal; in the acute form, marked by uremia and usually by oliguria, with hyperkalemia and pulmonary edema.

right-sided heart failure , right ventricular failure failure of adequate output by the right ventricle, marked by venous engorgement, hepatic enlargement, and pitting edema.

systolic heart failure  heart failure due to a defect in the expulsion of blood that is caused by an abnormality in systolic function.

failure to thrive  physical and developmental retardation in infants and small children, sometimes from physical illness and sometimes from psychosocial effects such as maternal deprivation.

---

high-output heart failure

Cardiology CHF due to an ↑ in circulating blood volume without functional myocardial abnormalities, resulting in a hyperkinetic state; the cardiac pump activity is a function of preload–ventricular end-diastolic fiber tension, myocardial contractility, afterload and heart rate; HOHF may be a physiologic response to such 'insults' as anemia, cor pulmonale, exercise, fever, high humidity, systemic HTN, obesity, pregnancy, emotional stress and temperature extremes, or non-physiologic in Albright's disease–polyostotic fibrous dysplasia, carcinoid syndrome–serotonin-producing usually hepatic metastases, arteriovenous fistulas–trauma, Paget's disease of bone, hemangiomatosis, glomerulonephritis, hemodialysis, hepatic disease–alcohol-related thiamine deficiency ↓ peripheral arterial resistance, hyperkinetic heart syndrome, P vera, thyrotoxicosis–T₃ ↑ heart rate, cardiac sensitivity to epinephrine and peripheral vasodilation. Cf Low-output cardiac failure.