sound (sound)
heart sounds
1. a pressure wave propagating through an elastic medium; waves with a frequency of 20–20,000 Hz cause the sensation of hearing.
2. the effect produced on the organ of hearing by vibrations of the air or other medium.
3. a noise, normal or abnormal, heard within the body.
4. an instrument to be introduced into a cavity to detect a foreign body or to dilate a stricture.
adventitious sounds abnormal auscultatory sounds heard over the lung, such as rales, rhonchi, or abnormal resonance.
aortic second sound the audible vibrations related to the closure of the aortic valve; symbol A2.
auscultatory sounds those heard on auscultation, such as breath sounds, heart sounds, and adventitious sounds.
breath sounds respiratory s's; sounds heard on auscultation over the respiratory tract; bronchial and ventricular ones are heard normally at certain places, whereas a cavernous one indicates a lung cavity.
discontinuous sounds adventitious sounds lasting less than 0.2 sec and coming in a series; the most common are rales.
ejection sounds high-pitched clicking sounds heard just after the first heart sound, at maximal opening of the semilunar valves; seen in patients with valvular abnormalities or dilatations of aortic or pulmonary arteries.
friction sound see under rub.
heart sounds sounds heard over the cardiac region, produced by the functioning of the heart. The first, at the beginning of ventricular systole, is dull, firm, and prolonged, and heard as a “lubb” sound; the second, produced mainly by closure of the semilunar valves, is shorter and sharper than the first and is heard as a “dupp” sound; the third is usually audible only in youth; and the fourth is normally inaudible.
hippocratic sounds succussion s's.
Korotkoff sounds sounds heard during auscultatory determination of blood pressure.
percussion sound any sound obtained by percussion.
pulmonic second sound the audible vibrations related to the closure of the pulmonary valve; symbol P2.
respiratory sounds breath s's.
succussion sounds splashing sounds heard on succussion over a distended stomach or in hydropneumothorax.
to-and-fro sound see under murmur.
urethral sound a long, slender instrument for exploring and dilating the urethra.
valvular ejection sound an ejection sound resulting from abnormality of one or both semilunar valves.
vascular ejection sound an ejection sound resulting from abnormality of the pulmonary artery or aorta without abnormality of either semilunar valve.
voice sounds auscultatory sounds heard over the lungs or airways when the patient speaks; increased resonance indicates consolidation or effusion.
white sound that produced by a mixture of all frequencies of mechanical vibration perceptible as sound.
heart sounds
the sounds heard on the surface of the chest in the heart region; they are amplified by and heard more distinctly through a stethoscope. They are caused by the vibrations generated during the normal cardiac cycle and may be produced by muscular action, valvular actions, motion of the heart, or blood passing through the heart.
The first heart sound (S1) is heard as a firm but dull “lubb” sound. It consists of four components: a low-frequency, indistinct vibration caused by ventricular contraction; a louder sound of higher frequency caused by closure of the mitral and tricuspid valves; a vibration caused by opening of the semilunar valves and early ejection of blood from the ventricles; and a low-pitched vibration produced by rapid ejection.
The second heart sound (S2) is shorter and higher pitched than the first, is heard as a “dupp” and is produced by closure of the aortic and pulmonary valves.
The third heart sound (S3) is very faint and is caused by blood rushing into the ventricles. It can be heard in most normal persons between the ages of 10 and 20 years.
The fourth heart sound (S4) is rarely audible in a normal heart but can be demonstrated on graphic records. It is short and of low frequency and intensity, and is caused by atrial contraction. The vibrations arise from atrial muscle and from blood flow into, and distention of, the ventricles.
The first heart sound (S1) is heard as a firm but dull “lubb” sound. It consists of four components: a low-frequency, indistinct vibration caused by ventricular contraction; a louder sound of higher frequency caused by closure of the mitral and tricuspid valves; a vibration caused by opening of the semilunar valves and early ejection of blood from the ventricles; and a low-pitched vibration produced by rapid ejection.
The second heart sound (S2) is shorter and higher pitched than the first, is heard as a “dupp” and is produced by closure of the aortic and pulmonary valves.
The third heart sound (S3) is very faint and is caused by blood rushing into the ventricles. It can be heard in most normal persons between the ages of 10 and 20 years.
The fourth heart sound (S4) is rarely audible in a normal heart but can be demonstrated on graphic records. It is short and of low frequency and intensity, and is caused by atrial contraction. The vibrations arise from atrial muscle and from blood flow into, and distention of, the ventricles.
Abnormalities in Heart Sounds. Decreased compliance of a ventricle is characterized by a gallop or triple rhythm. Accentuation of the third heart sound (protodiastolic or ventricular gallop) is caused by the filling of a poorly compliant ventricle with blood under high venous pressure. A presystolic or atrial gallop is an accentuated fourth heart sound and is also caused by blood filling a poorly compliant ventricle. Merging of the third and fourth heart sounds is called a mesodiastolic or summation gallop. A very rare abnormality in which four heart sounds are heard distinctly is called a “locomotive” rhythm.
Heart Murmurs are sounds other than the normal heart sounds emanating from the heart region. They are often heard as blowing or hissing sounds as blood leaks back through diseased and malfunctioning valves or as blood is pushed through narrowed or stenotic valve orifices.
Heart Murmurs are sounds other than the normal heart sounds emanating from the heart region. They are often heard as blowing or hissing sounds as blood leaks back through diseased and malfunctioning valves or as blood is pushed through narrowed or stenotic valve orifices.
Precordial locations for cardiac palpation and auscultation of heart sounds. Closure of the mitral and tricuspid valves produces the S1 heart sound; closure of the pulmonic and aortic (semilunar) valves produces the S2 sound. From Polaski and Tatro, 1996.
heart,
n the muscular pump that maintains and regulates the flow of blood through the body.
heart, artificial,
n a mechanical device that acts to pump blood to and from the body tissues during repair of the heart.
heart attack,
heart block,
n the condition in which the muscular interconnection between the auricle and ventricle is interrupted so that the auricle and ventricle beat independently of each other.
heart, compression of,
n See massage, cardiac.
heart defect,
n a fault in the structural integrity of the heart.
heart defect, congenital,
n the structural errors in the heart formed during embryonic and fetal life.
heart disease,
n a disorder in the normal functioning of the heart.
heart disease, dental concerns,
n.pl the special considerations taken to eliminate oral disease by maintaining an elevated level of oral health and prevent infective endocarditis, an infection of the heart valves that may be caused by bacteremia created during dental treatments. Heart disease has also been linked with increased levels of periodontal disease.
heart disease, ischemic,
heart disease risk factors,
n.pl the hereditary, lifestyle, and environmental influences that increase one's chances of developing heart disease.
heart massage,
n See massage, cardiac.
heart murmur,
n the sound of blood flowing back through a defective heart valve. Two types are possible: organic or functional.
heart, normal,
n a heart without anatomic defects that could cause an impairment in the function of the organ.
heart rate,
n the rate or tempo of heart contractions recorded in beats per minute.
heart sounds,
n.pl the normal noises produced within the heart during the cardiac cycle that can be heard over the precordium and may reveal abnormalities in cardiac structure or function. The use of the stethoscope over the left side of the chest is a common clinical technique to assess heart function. The typical sounds are a rythmic lub dup; abnormal sounds include clicks, murmurs, rubs, snaps, and gallops.
heart surgery,
n a surgical procedure involving the heart, performed to correct acquired or congenital defects, to replace diseased valves, to open or bypass blocked vessels, or to graft a prosthesis or a transplant in place.
heart valves,
n.pl one of the four structures within the heart that prevent backflow of blood by opening and closing with each heartbeat. They include two semilunar valves, the aortic and pulmonary; the mitral, or bicuspid, valve; and the tricuspid valve. They permit the flow of blood in only one direction, and any one of the valves may become defective, permitting the backflow associated with heart murmurs.
heart sounds
the sounds heard on the surface of the chest in the heart region. They are amplified by and heard more distinctly through a stethoscope. These sounds are caused by the vibrations of the normal cardiac cycle. They may be produced by muscular action, valvular actions, motion of the heart, and blood as it passes through the heart.
The first heart sound (S1) is heard as a firm but not sharp 'lubb' sound. It consists of four components: a low-frequency, indistinct vibration caused by ventricular contraction; a louder sound of higher frequency caused by closure of the mitral and tricuspid valves; a vibration caused by opening of the semilunar valves and early ejection of blood from the ventricles; and a low-pitched vibration produced by rapid ejection.
The second heart sound (S2) is shorter and higher pitched than the first, is heard as a 'dupp' and is produced by closure of the aortic and pulmonary valves.
The third heart sound (S3) is very faint and is caused by blood rushing into the ventricles.
The fourth heart sound (S4) is rarely audible in a normal heart but can be demonstrated on graphic records. It is short and of low frequency and intensity, and is caused by atrial contraction. The vibrations arise from atrial muscle and from blood flow into, and distention of, the ventricles.
)
Normal heart sounds. By permission from McCurnin D, Poffenbarger EM, Small Animal Physical Diagnosis and Clinical Procedures, Saunders, 1991
muffled heart sounds
the heart sounds are normal in outline but muffled, due usually to the presence of fluid between the heart and the stethoscope.
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