map (map) a two-dimensional graphic representation of arrangement in space.
genetic map,
genetic [jĕ-net´ik]
cytogenetic map , cytologic map a gene map giving the position of gene loci relative to chromosome bands.
fate map a plan of a blastula or other early stage of an embryo, showing areas of prospective significance in normal development.
gene map one showing the positions of genetic loci on the chromosomes and usually giving some indication of the distance between loci.
genetic map , linkage map a gene map giving the relative locations of genetic markers, based on recombination frequencies.
physical map a gene map showing the locations of genetic markers along with the physical distances between them.
restriction map a physical map indicating restriction enzyme cleavage sites.
transduction map in bacterial genetics, a gene map giving distances between loci based on relative cotransduction frequencies.
| genetic map n. A graphic representation of the genes or mutable sites on a chromosome. |
genetic map,
the graphic representation of the linear arrangement of genes on a chromosome and the relative distances between them, in map units or morgans. Also called linkage map.
genetic [jĕ-net´ik]
1. pertaining to reproduction or to birth or origin.
2. inherited.
genetic code the arrangement of nucleotides in the polynucleotide chain of a chromosome; it governs the transmission of genetic information to proteins, i.e., determines the sequence of amino acids in the polypeptide chain making up each protein synthesized by the cell. Genetic information is coded in DNA by means of four bases: two purines (adenine and guanine) and two pyrimidines (thymine and cystosine). Each adjacent sequence of three bases (a codon) determines the insertion of a specific amino acid. In RNA, uracil replaces thymine.
genetic map
1. the location of mutations along the length of a chromosome, as determined by recombination experiments. The unit of length is the centimorgan (cM), one crossover per meiosis.
2. the sequence of base pairs along the DNA of a chromosome, a technique being applied to humans.
A gene map of Chromosome 18. From Copstead, 1996.
genetic marker a gene having alleles that are all expressed in the phenotype, that is, they are codominant, and which can be used to study inheritance. The various blood group systems and serum or red blood cell proteins easily detected by electrophoresis or immunodiffusion are commonly used markers.
genetic
1. pertaining to reproduction or to birth or origin.
2. inherited.
genetic abnormality
inherited defect, which may or may not be congenital.
genetic analysis
analysis of breeding and pedigree records to establish degrees of relationship between single animals and groups of animals. Segregation analysis with full-sibling families is an obvious technique.
genetic code
the manner in which the arrangement of nucleotides in the polynucleotide chain of a chromosome governs the transmission of genetic information to proteins, i.e. determines the sequence of amino acids in the polypeptide chain making up each protein synthesized by the cell. Genetic information is coded in DNA by means of four bases (two purines: adenine and guanine; and two pyrimidines: thymine and cystosine). Each adjacent sequence of three bases (a codon) determines which of the 20 amino acids will be inserted into the nascent polypeptide.
genetic complementation
see complementation.
genetic control of inherited disease
consists of preventing carrier animals from contributing their genes to succeeding generations of the population of which they are members.
genetic correlation
a change in an unselected character resulting from selection of another character during a breeding program.
genetic defects
defects of function or structure passed on from parents to offspring. Inherited defects.
genetic determination
see broad-sense heritability.
genetic disease resistance
inherited resistance to diseases caused by non-hereditary risk factors.
genetic dominance
see dominance (2).
genetic drift
see antigenic drift.
genetic engineering
the manipulation of genes by recombinant DNA technologies to produce chromosomal combinations that are unlikely to occur by natural means, for example the introduction of genes for insulin into a yeast cell which then produces insulin which can be purified and used as a therapeutic substance. See also recombinant DNA technology.
genetic etiology
disease caused by inheritance of specific disease without the intervention of other risk factors; established by strongly positive relationship in terms of genes held in common between the affected patient and other affected individuals.
genetic evaluation
assessment, for predictive purposes, of productive improvement or conformational characteristics, of the gain to be derived by the use of the animal in question in a breeding program.
genetic expressivity
see expressivity.
genetic heterogeneity
demonstrated by the way in which more than one disease with identical clinical signs can be inherited.
genetic immunization
use of a cloned genetically engineered gene with an encoded antigen to immunize the host against that antigen. See also DNA vaccine.
genetic map
the linear arrangement of genes along a chromosome. Called also linkage map.
genetic merit
inherited productivity or performance qualities.
mobile genetic elements
see transposable genetic elements (below).
genetic penetrance
see penetrance.
genetic production potential
inherited productivity but still influenced by environmental risk factors.
genetic resistance
genetically determined resistance to specified infectious agents.
genetic selection
selection of animals as breeding stock on the basis of known inherited characteristics.
transposable genetic elements
pieces of DNA varying in length from a few hundred to tens of thousands of base pairs found in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells that move from place to place in the chromosomes of a single cell; some are viruses. Called also mobile genetic elements or transposons.
genetic variance
that portion of the phenotypic variance of a trait in a population which can be attributed to genetic difference amongst individuals.
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