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gastrula

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gastrula /gas·tru·la/ (gas´troo-lah) the embryo in the stage following the blastula or blastocyst; the simplest type consists of two layers of cells, the ectoderm and endoderm, which have invaginated to form the archenteron and an opening, the blastopore. In human embryos the gastrula stage occurs during the third week, as the embryonic disc becomes trilaminar, establishing the ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm.
gas·tru·la (gstr-l)
n. pl. gas·tru·las or gas·tru·lae (-l)
An embryo at the stage following the blastula, consisting of a hollow, two-layered sac of ectoderm and endoderm surrounding an archenteron that communicates with the exterior through the blastopore.

gastrula
[gas′troo͡lə]
Etymology: Gk, gaster, stomach
the early embryonic stage formed by the invagination of the blastula. The cup-shaped gastrula consists of an outer layer of ectoderm and an inner layer of mesentoderm that subsequently differentiate into the mesoderm and endoderm. See also blastula, embryonic layer.

gastrula [gas´troo-lah]
an embryo in the stage following the blastula stage; the simplest type consists of two layers of cells, the ectoderm and entoderm, which have invaginated to form the archenteron and an opening, the blastopore.

gastrula
an embryo in the stage following the blastula stage; the simplest type consists of two layers of cells, the ectoderm and entoderm, which have invaginated to form the archenteron and an opening, the blastopore.


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Briefly, from 24-28[degrees]C, the extrusion of the polar bodies occurred within 10 min AF, first cleavage occurred ar 1 h AF, morula stage at 3 h AF, cilliated gastrula at 7 h AF, early trochophore at 10 h AF, late trochophore 20 h at AF, and D shaped-larvae with well-developed velum developed at 23-24 h AF.
In this context the (almost) anaerobic metabolism at blastula stage embryo could reflect the existence of multi-cellular organisms in the deep anoxic Earth while the transition to aerobic metabolism at gastrula could be related to the evolution towards tridermic organisms around 2 billion years ago.
This conclusion is supported by a shift in mitochondrial enzymes toward aerobic metabolism at the gastrula stage (Lovtrup-Rein and Nelson 1982).
 
 
 
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