alkalosis (redirected from gastric alkalosis)

alkalosis /al·ka·lo·sis/ (al″kah-lo´sis) a pathologic condition due to accumulation of base in, or loss of acid from, the body. Cf. acidosis. alkalot´ic

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altitude alkalosis  increased alkalinity in blood and tissues due to exposure to high altitudes.

compensated alkalosis  a form in which compensatory mechanisms have returned the pH toward normal.

hypochloremic alkalosis  metabolic alkalosis marked by hypochloremia together with hyponatremia and hypokalemia, resulting from the loss of sodium chloride and hydrochloric acid due to prolonged vomiting.

hypokalemic alkalosis  metabolic alkalosis associated with a low serum potassium level.

metabolic alkalosis  a disturbance in which the acid-base status shifts toward the alkaline side because of retention of base or loss of noncarbonic, or fixed (nonvolatile), acids.

respiratory alkalosis  a state due to excess loss of carbon dioxide from the body, usually as a result of hyperventilation.

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al·ka·lo·sis (lk-lss)

n.

Abnormally high alkalinity of the blood and body fluids.

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alka·lotic (-ltk) adj.

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Alkalosis

A condition of the blood and other body fluids in which bicarbonate levels are higher than normal.

Mentioned in: Urinalysis

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alkalosis

[al′kəlō′sis]

Etymology: Ar, al + galiy + Gk, osis, condition

an abnormal condition of body fluids, characterized by a tendency toward a blood pH level greater than 7.45 caused by an excess of alkaline bicarbonate or a deficiency of acid. There are two types: respiratory alkalosis and metabolic alkalosis. When a buffer system, such as carbon dioxide retention or bicarbonate excretion, prevents a shift in pH, it is labeled compensated alkalosis. The treatment of uncompensated alkalosis involves the correction of dehydration and various ionic deficits to restore the normal acid-base balance in which the ratio of carbonic acid to bicarbonate is 20:1. Compare acidosis.

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alkalosis (alklō´sis),

n a disturbance of acid-base balance and water balance, characterized by an excess of alkali or a deficiency of acids.

alkalosis, compensated,

n a condition in which the blood bicarbonate is usually higher than normal but compensatory mechanisms have kept the pH level within normal range. See also alkalosis, uncompensated.

alkalosis, hypochloremic,

n a metabolic abnormality caused by an increase in blood bicarbonate after significant chloride loss.

alkalosis, respiratory,

n alkalemia produced by hypoventilation. Plasma bicarbonate is therefore decreased in respiratory alkalosis but raised in metabolic alkalosis.

alkalosis, uncompensated,

n alkalemia usually accompanied by an increased blood bicarbonate.

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alkalosis

a pathological condition resulting from accumulation of base, or from loss of acid without comparable loss of base in the body fluids, and characterized by decrease in hydrogen ion concentration (increase in pH). Alkalosis is the opposite of acidosis. See also acid-base balance.

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compensated alkalosis

a condition in which compensatory mechanisms have returned the pH toward normal.

concentration alkalosis

associated with deficit in free body water, hypotonic fluid losses or increased sodium levels.

gastric alkalosis

alkalosis due to loss of gastric fluid because of persistent vomiting. See also hypochloremic alkalosis (below).

hypochloremic alkalosis

a metabolic alkalosis in which gastric losses of chloride are disproportionately greater than sodium loss because of corresponding increase in potassium loss.

hypokalemic alkalosis

a metabolic alkalosis associated with a low serum potassium level; retention of alkali or loss of acid occurs in the extracellular (but not intracellular) fluid compartment; although the pH of the intracellular fluid may be below normal.

metabolic alkalosis

a disturbance in which the acid-base status shifts toward the alkaline because of uncompensated loss of acids, ingestion or retention of excess base, or potassium depletion. The condition can occur with vomiting or accompany treatment with diuretics.

respiratory alkalosis

reduced carbon dioxide tension in the extracellular fluid caused by excessive excretion of carbon dioxide through the lungs (hyperventilation). Conditions commonly associated with respiratory alkalosis include pain, hypoxia, fever, high environmental temperature, poisoning, early pulmonary edema, pulmonary embolism and central nervous system disease.

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alkalosis

Pathophysiology A clinical state due to either an accumulation of bases or loss of acids–↓ H+, resulting in ↑ pH. See Contraction alkalosis, Metabolic acidosis, Respiratory alkalosis. Cf Acidosis.