familial nonhemolytic jaundice

familial non·he·mo·lyt·ic jaundice (n

-m

-l

Jaundice without evidence of liver damage, biliary obstruction, or hemolysis. Also called Gilbert's disease.

familial nonhemolytic jaundice,

See Gilbert's syndrome.

jaundice [jawn´dis]

yellowness of skin, sclerae, mucous membranes, and excretions due to hyperbilirubinemia and deposition of bile pigments. It is usually first noticeable in the eyes, although it may come on so gradually that it is not immediately noticed by those in daily contact with the jaundiced person. Called also icterus.

Jaundice is not a disease; it is a symptom of a number of different diseases and disorders of the liver and gallbladder and of hemolytic blood disorders. One such disorder is the presence of a gallstone in the common bile duct, which carries bile from the liver to the intestine. This may obstruct the flow of bile, causing it to accumulate and enter the bloodstream. The obstruction of bile flow may cause bile to enter the urine, making it dark in color, and also decrease the bile in the stool, making it light and clay-colored. This condition requires surgery to remove the gallstone before it causes serious liver injury.

The pigment causing jaundice is called bilirubin. It is derived from hemoglobin that is released when erythrocytes are hemolyzed and therefore is constantly being formed and introduced into the blood as worn-out or defective erythrocytes are destroyed by the body. Normally the liver cells absorb the bilirubin and secrete it along with other bile constituents. If the liver is diseased, or if the flow of bile is obstructed, or if destruction of erythrocytes is excessive, the bilirubin accumulates in the blood and eventually will produce jaundice. Determination of the level of bilirubin in the blood is of value in detecting elevated bilirubin levels at the earliest stages before jaundice appears, when liver disease or hemolytic anemia is suspected.

Patient Care. Assessment of the patient with jaundice includes observations of the degree and location of yellowing, noting the color of urine and stools, and the presence of itching. Since jaundice can be accompanied by severe itching, frequent skin care is important to preserve skin integrity. Tepid sponge baths can help reduce discomfort and promote rest.

Patients with severe jaundice are at risk for encephalopathic changes that produce confusion, impaired mentation, and altered levels of consciousness. The potential for injury is increased and demands vigilance and safety measures to protect the patient.

Jaundice may be attributable to prehepatic (A), hepatic (B), or posthepatic (C) causes. From Damjanov, 2000.

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acholuric jaundice breast milk jaundice cholestatic jaundice Crigler-Najjar syndrome Gilbert's disease hematogenous jaundice hemolytic jaundice hepatocellular jaundice jaundice jaundice of the newborn leptospiral jaundice neonatal jaundice nonhemolytic jaundice obstructive jaundice physiologic jaundice	familial focal facial dermal dysplasia familial hemiplegic migraine familial Hibernian fever familial high-density lipoprotein deficiency familial histiocytic reticulosis familial hyperbetalipoproteinemia familial hyperbetalipoproteinemia and hyperprebetalipoproteinemia familial hypercholesterolemia familial hypercholesterolemia with hyperlipemia familial hyperchylomicronemia familial hyperchylomicronemia with hyperprebetalipoproteinemia familial hyperglyceridemia familial hyperlipoproteinemia familial hyperprebetalipoproteinemia familial hypertriglyceridemia familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy familial iminoglycinuria familial intestinal polyposis familial intraosseous fibrous swelling of the jaws familial juvenile nephronophthisis familial juvenile nephrophthisis familial lipoprotein lipase deficiency familial malignancy familial Mediterranean fever familial multiple endocrine familial nonhemolytic jaundice familial osteochondrodystrophy familial paroxysmal polyserositis familial periodic fever familial periodic paralysis familial polyendocrine adenomatosis familial polyposis familial recurrent polyserositis familial screening familial spinal muscular atrophy familial tremor familial visceral amyloidosis family family Apgar family cancer syndrome family care leave family cluster family coping family counseling family disorganization family doctor family dynamics family functioning family functions Family Ganging family health	Familial Low Tone Deafness Familial male precocious puberty familial malignancy Familial MCT Familial Mediteranian Fever Familial Mediteranian Fever familial Mediterranean fever familial Mediterranean fever familial Mediterranean fever familial Mediterranean fever familial Mediterranean fever Familial Mediterranean Fever Gene Familial Medullary Thyroid Cancer Familial Mental Retardation Protein Familial mesial temporal lobe epilepsy Familial Multilocular Cystic Disease of The Jaw Familial multilocular cystic disease of the jaws Familial Multilocular Cystic Jaw Disease Familial Multiple Coagulation Factor Deficiency familial multiple endocrine Familial Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Familial Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 1 familial myositis familial myositis familial myositis familial nephropathy familial nephropathy familial nephropathy Familial Neurohypophysial Diabetes Insipidus Familial Non-Medullary Thyroid Cancer familial nonhemolytic jaundice Familial nonpolyposis colon cancer familial nonspherocytic anemia of Basenji dogs familial nonspherocytic anemia of Basenji dogs familial nonspherocytic anemia of Basenji dogs familial osteochondrodystrophy familial osteochondrodystrophy Familial Ovarian Cancer Register Familial Ovarian Cancer Screening Study familial paroxysmal polyserositis familial paroxysmal polyserositis Familial Partial Epilepsy with Variable Foci Familial Partial Lipodystrophy, Dunnigan Type Familial Partial Lipodystrophy, Type 1 Familial PCT familial periodic fever familial periodic fever familial periodic fever familial periodic paralysis familial periodic paralysis familial periodic paralysis familial periodic paralysis familial polycythemia familial polycythemia familial polycythemia familial polyendocrine adenomatosis familial polyneuropathy Familial polyposis Familial polyposis Familial polyposis Familial Polyposis Coli

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