circulation /cir·cu·la·tion/ (ser″ku-la´shun) movement in a regular course, as the movement of blood through the heart and blood vessels.
collateral circulation that carried on through secondary channels after obstruction of the principal channel supplying the part.
enterohepatic circulation the cycle in which bile salts and other substances excreted by the liver are absorbed by the intestinal mucosa and returned to the liver via the portal circulation.
extracorporeal circulation circulation of blood outside the body, as through an artificial kidney or a heart-lung apparatus.
fetal circulation that propelled by the fetal heart through the fetus, umbilical cord, and placental villi. 
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Schematic diagram of fetal circulation, with red indicating the highest level of oxygen saturation, blue the lowest, and purple an intermediate level.
first circulation primordial c.
hypophysioportal circulation that passing from the capillaries of the median eminence of the hypothalamus into the portal vessels to the sinusoids of the adenohypophysis.
intervillous circulation the flow of maternal blood through the intervillous space of the placenta.
lesser circulation pulmonary c.
omphalomesenteric circulation vitelline c.
persistent fetal circulation pulmonary hypertension in the postnatal period secondary to right-to-left shunting of the blood through the foramen ovale and ductus arteriosus.
placental circulation
1. the circulation of blood through the placenta during prenatal life.
portal circulation a general term denoting the circulation of blood through larger vessels from the capillaries of one organ to those of another; applied to the passage of blood from the gastrointestinal tract and spleen through the portal vein to the liver.
primordial circulation the earliest circulation by which nutrient material and oxygen are conveyed to the embryo.
pulmonary circulation the flow of blood from the right ventricle through the pulmonary artery to the lungs, where carbon dioxide is exchanged for oxygen, and back through the pulmonary vein to the left atrium.
systemic circulation the general circulation, carrying oxygenated blood from the left ventricle to the body tissues, and returning venous blood to the right atrium.
umbilical circulation fetal circulation through the umbilical vessels.
vitelline circulation the circulation through the blood vessels of the yolk sac.
| extracorporeal circulation n. Circulation of the blood outside the body, as through a heart-lung machine or artificial kidney. |
circulation
movement in a regular or circuitous course, returning to the point of origin, as the circulation of the blood through the heart and blood vessels. See also circulatory system.
antegrade circulation
circulation in the normal direction of flow.
artificial circulation
is maintained in cardiopulmonary arrest by cardiac compression.
collateral circulation
circulation carried on through secondary channels after obstruction of the principal channel supplying the part.
coronary circulation
that within the coronary vessels, which supply the muscle of the heart.
cutaneous circulation
cutaneous vessels are innervated by sympathetic adrenergic vasoconstrictor fibers; vasodilation is an important mechanism for losing heat after the body has been warmed.
enterohepatic circulation
the cycle in which bile salts and other substances excreted by the liver in the bile are absorbed by the intestinal mucosa and returned to the liver via the portal circulation.
extracorporeal circulation
circulation of blood outside the body, as through a hemodialyzer or an extracorporeal circulatory support unit.
fetal circulation
circulation of blood through the body of the fetus and to and from the placenta through the umbilical cord. See also fetal circulation.
hepatic circulation
includes the hepatic arterial blood supply and the supply from the portal vein; drainage is via the hepatic veins to the caudal vena cava.
lymph circulation
see lymph.
maternal circulation
the circulation of the dam during pregnancy, including especially that of the uterus.
micro-circulation
see microcirculation.
neonatal circulation
circulation in the newborn immediately after birth; the umbilical vessels contract forcing blood into the fetal veins; the foramen ovale closes, the ductus arteriosus narrows and eventually closes at day 1 to 2 after birth.
ocular circulation
consists of the uveal and retinal blood vessels supported by the aqueous humor and vitreous body.
placental circulation
consists of the umbilical arteries, the vessels of the placenta proper and the umbilical veins; approximates the fetal corporeal circulation in volume.
portal circulation
a general term denoting the circulation of blood through larger vessels from the capillaries of one organ to those of another; applied especially to the passage of blood from the gastrointestinal tract, pancreas and spleen through the portal vein to the liver.
pulmonary circulation
the flow of blood from the right ventricle through the pulmonary artery to the lungs, where carbon dioxide is exchanged for oxygen, and back through the pulmonary vein to the left atrium. See also pulmonary circulation.
splenic circulation
flow of blood through the splenic artery and arterioles to either the capillaries, e. g. white pulp, or the highly permeable sinuses of the red pulp. Splenic venous blood drains into the portal vein and passes through the liver before re-entering the general circulation.
systemic circulation
the flow of blood from the left ventricle through the aorta, carrying oxygen and nutrient material to all the tissues of the body, and returning through the superior and inferior venae cavae to the right atrium.
circulation time
the time required for blood to flow between two given points. It is determined by injecting a substance into a vein and then measuring the time required for it to reach a specific site.
extracorporeal
situated or occurring outside the body.
extracorporeal circulation
the circulation of blood outside the body, as through a hemodialyzer for removal of substances usually excreted in the urine, or through an extracorporeal circulatory support unit for carbon dioxide-oxygen exchange (see below).
extracorporeal circulatory support unit
a heart-lung machine. In animals used mainly in the investigation of cardiac prosthetic devices.
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