esophageal perforation

esophageal

of or pertaining to the esophagus.

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esophageal achalasia

see megaesophagus.

esophageal anomalies

very rare; include atresia, duplication, segmental aplasia, esophagorespiratory fistulae, diverticula, epithelial inclusion cysts.

esophageal atresia

congenital lack of continuity of the esophagus, commonly accompanied by tracheoesophageal fistula, and characterized by accumulations of mucus in the nasopharynx, gagging, vomiting when fed, cyanosis and dyspnea. Treatment is by surgical repair by esophageal anastomosis and division of the fistula.

esophageal distention

may result from acute or chronic obstruction of the esophagus, or from defective innervation. See also megaesophagus.

esophageal duplication

may be tubular and communicate with the effective esophagus, or cystic appearing as a cystic mass close to the functioning esophagus.

esophageal ectasia

see megaesophagus.

esophageal enlargement

clinically visible enlargement as seen in esophageal diverticulum, stenosis, paralysis, cardial obstruction.

esophageal fibrosis

a cause of acquired megaesophagus; usually caused by trauma or spontaneous ulceration.

esophageal groove

see reticular groove.

esophageal groove lesion

includes granuloma, papilloma, foreign body lodgment; cause of obstructive bloat.

esophageal hyperkeratosis

hyperkeratotic thickening of the esophageal mucosa due usually to hypovitaminosis A or chlorinated naphthalene poisoning.

esophageal inflammation

see esophagitis.

esophageal motility disorders

see megaesophagus.

esophageal neoplasm

very rare except for papilloma and fibropapilloma; causes chronic esophageal obstruction.

esophageal obstruction

acute obstruction is manifested by inability to swallow, regurgitation of saliva, food and water through the nose and much discomfort expressed by retching movements and pawing at the throat. Ruminants develop ruminal tympany. Chronic obstruction shows the same syndrome but with a gradual development and a tendency to develop aspiration pneumonia.

Palpating an esophageal obstruction in a cow. By permission from Blowey RW, Weaver AD, Diseases and Disorders of Cattle, Mosby, 1997

esophageal osteosarcoma

occurs in dogs in association with the parasite Spirocerca lupi.

esophageal papilloma

a cause of obstructive bloat.

esophageal paralysis

causes esophageal obstruction.

esophageal patching

see patch graft.

esophageal perforation

causes local cellulitis and compression-obstruction of esophagus.

esophageal pulsion diverticulum

a diverticulum that pushes outwards causing pressure on surrounding organs and tissues.

esophageal segmental aplasia

causes esophageal obstruction in neonates.

esophageal stenosis, esophageal stricture

causes esophageal obstruction; may be partial, permitting passage of liquids.

esophageal tube

see nasogastric tube.

esophageal ulcer

usually associated with pressure necrosis due to prolonged obstruction and injury by a solid foreign body or, rarely equine dysautonomia or Gasterophilus spp. infestation.

esophageal varices

distended veins at the gastric cardia causing dysphagia.

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perforation

a hole or break in the containing walls or membranes of an organ or structure of the body. Perforation occurs when erosion, infection or other factors create a weak spot in the organ and internal pressure causes a rupture. It also may result from a deep penetrating wound caused by trauma.

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bladder perforation

usually the result of obstructive urolithiasis with eventual leakage of urine into the peritoneal cavity. See also congenital urinary bladder rupture.

eardrum perforation

occurs when an infectious process erodes the tympanic membrane or leads to increased pressure in the middle ear.

esophageal perforation

causes local cellulitis and obstruction of the esophagus.

gallbladder perforation

sometimes occurs as a complication of cholecystitis and gallstones. When the gallbladder is infected, necrosis may progress to the point of destroying the wall so that the bile spills out into the abdominal cavity causing biliary peritonitis.

intestinal perforation

a complication of ulcerative colitis (see colitis), intestinal obstruction, ulceration and other disorders in which there is inflammation of the intestinal wall or obstruction of the intestinal lumen.

ulcer perforation

a complication of duodenal and gastric ulcers. It requires immediate surgical correction to prevent hemorrhage, shock and peritonitis.

urethral perforation

is usually a result of obstructive urolithiasis; urine collects in a ventral subcutaneous site.

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esophageal perforation

GI disease A defect in the esophagus where the lumen communicates with the thoracic cavity