crural hernia

crural hernia

n.

See femoral hernia.

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crural hernia

Etymology: L, crus, leg, hernia, rupture

1 a hernia that protrudes behind the posterior layer of the femoral sheath. Also called Cloquet's hernia.

2 a common type of groin hernia that occurs most often in obese females.

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crural

pertaining to or emanating from a crus.

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crural hernia

see femoral hernia.

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hernia

the abnormal protrusion of part of an organ or tissue through the structures normally containing it.

In this condition, a weak spot or other abnormal opening in a body wall permits part of the organ to bulge through. A hernia may develop in various parts of the body; most commonly in the region of the abdomen.

A layman's term for hernia is rupture. A hernia is either acquired or congenital.

Anatomically specific hernias are listed under their individual sites.

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caudal abdominal h's

see inguinal, femoral, scrotal hernias (below).

cerebral hernia

see brain herniation.

cord hernia

a type of umbilical hernia in which the midgut has failed to return to the abdominal cavity during fetal development and remains within the umbilical cord.

crural hernia

femoral hernia.

external hernia

protrusion of abdominal contents through an opening in the abdominal wall.

false hernia

a structural defect with contents but without a peritoneal sac.

fat hernia

hernial protrusion of peritoneal fat through the abdominal wall or through the vulvar wall during a difficult calving.

incarcerated hernia

hernia so occluded that it cannot be returned by manipulation; it may or may not become strangulated.

incisional hernia

hernia after operation at the site of the surgical incision, owing to improper healing or to excessive strain on the healing tissue; such strain may be caused by excessive muscular effort, activity, or by obesity, which creates additional pressure on the weakened area.

inguinoscrotal hernia

see scrotal hernia (below).

irreducible hernia

incarcerated hernia.

mesenteric hernia

hernia of a loop of small intestine through a traumatic tear in the mesentery.

muscle hernia

the belly of the muscle protrudes through a tear in the fascia and epimysium.

paraesophageal hernia

hiatal hernia in which part or almost all of the stomach protrudes through the hiatus into the thorax to the left of the esophagus, with the gastroesophageal junction remaining in place.

pelvic hernia

hernia caused by a loop of intestine becoming incarcerated in a hiatus between the wall of the pelvis and the ductus deferens, caused by tearing of the fold of the ductus at castration. May occur many months after the castration operation. Can be resolved, if diagnosed early enough, by traction on the taut mesentery per rectum.

pericardial hernia

see peritoneopericardial hernia.

perineal hernia

see perineal hernia.

pleuroperitoneal hernia

see diaphragmatic hernia.

prepubic hernia

the result of avulsion of the cranial pubic tendon.

reducible hernia

one that can be returned by manipulation.

scrotal hernia

inguinal hernia which has passed into the scrotum. When these become strangulated they cause severe abdominal pain and acute local swelling. In large animals the tightened spermatic cord can be felt disappearing into the inguinal canal. See also intestinal obstruction.

Scrotal hernia in a horse. By permission from Knottenbelt DC, Pascoe RR, Diseases and Disorders of the Horse, Saunders, 2003

sliding hiatal hernia

hiatal hernia in which the stomach and the cardioesophageal junction protrude into the caudal mediastinum; the protrusion, which may be fixed or intermittent, is partially covered by a peritoneal sac.

slip hernia, slipped hernia

sliding hernia.

strangulated hernia

one that is tightly constricted. As any hernia progresses and bulges out through the weak point in its containing wall, the opening in the wall tends to close behind it, forming a narrow neck. If this neck is pinched tight enough to cut off the venous return, the hernia will quickly swell and become strangulated. This is a very dangerous condition that can appear suddenly and requires immediate surgical attention. Unless the blood supply is restored promptly, gangrene can set in and may cause death.

traumatic hernia

protrusion of abdominal viscera into a subcutaneous site because of traumatic injury to the abdominal muscles.

uterine hernia

a gravid uterus can prolapse through an inguinal hernia in dogs and cats.

vaginal hernia

hernia into the vagina; called also colpocele.

ventral hernia

trauma with tearing of the body wall results in prolapse of abdominal contents into the subcutaneous tissue. Also reported in ewes from violent straining during parturition.