cromolyn sodium

cro·mo·lyn sodium (krm-ln)

n.

A drug usually administered by inhalation and used to prevent certain allergic attacks, especially those associated with asthma or hay fever.

---

cromolyn sodium

[krom′əlin]

a drug that blocks mast cell degranulation in response to antigen, which leads to decreased release of histamine, leukotrienes, and other inflammatory mast cell products. Also called cromoglycic acid.

indication It is prophylactically prescribed to prevent bronchial asthma.

contraindication Known hypersensitivity to this drug prohibits its use; the drug is effective only for asthma prophylaxis, not treatment of an acute asthma attack.

adverse effects Bronchospasm, wheezing, nasal congestion, pharyngeal irritation, and other hypersensitivity reactions may occur.

---

cromolyn sodium (krō´mlin´ sō´dēm),

n brand names: Intal, Nasalcrom, Rynacrom;
drug class: antiasthmatic;
action: stabilizes the membrane of the sensitized mast cell, preventing release of chemical mediators;
uses: allergic rhinitis, severe perennial bronchial asthma, exercise-induced bronchospasm.

---

mast cell stabilizers

Prophylactic drugs used to treat allergic conjunctivitis, vernal conjunctivitis, giant pupillary conjunctivitis, superior limbic keratoconjunctivitis. They act by stabilizing the membranes of mast cells thus preventing the release of histamine. Common agents are sodium cromoglicate (cromolyn sodium), lodoxamide, nedocromil sodium, olopatadine hydrochloride and pemirolast potassium. See antihistamine; hypersensitivity.

---

cromolyn sodium

Crolom, Gastrocrom, Intal, Nalcrom (CA) (UK), Nasalcrom

Pharmacologic class: Chromone derivative

Therapeutic class: Mast cell stabilizer, antiasthmatic, ophthalmic decongestant

Pregnancy risk category B

Action

Inhibits release of histamine and reacting substances of anaphylaxis from mast cells, stabilizing the cell membrane and reducing the allergic response and inflammatory reaction

Availability

Aerosol spray for inhalation: 800 mcg/spray in 8.1-g container (112 sprays) or 14.2-g container (200 sprays)

Nasal solution: 40 mg/ml (5.2 mg/spray) in 13-ml container (100 sprays) or 26-ml container (200 sprays)

Ophthalmic solution: 4%

Oral solution: 100 mg/5 ml

Solution for nebulization: 10 mg/ml

⊘Indications and dosages

➣ Prevention of exercise-induced bronchospasm; adjunct in prevention of allergic disorders, including rhinitis and asthma

Adults and children ages 5 and older: One aerosol spray in each nostril (5.2 mg/spray) q.i.d., or two metered-dose sprays using inhaler at regular intervals or shortly before exposure to triggering event

Children ages 2 to 5: 20 mg q.i.d. via nebulization at regular intervals or no more than 1 hour before exposure to triggering event

➣ Mastocytosis

Adults and children ages 13 and older: 200 mg P.O. q.i.d.

Children ages 2 to 12: 100 mg P.O. q.i.d.

➣ Vernal keratoconjunctivitis, vernal conjunctivitis, and vernal keratitis

Adults and children ages 4 and older: One to two drops of ophthalmic solution in each eye four to six times daily at regular intervals

Off-label uses

• Proctitis
• Ulcerative colitis
• Urticaria

Contraindications

• Hypersensitivity to drug
• Status asthmaticus

Precautions

Use cautiously in:
• renal or hepatic impairment, acute bronchospasm attacks
• pregnant or breastfeeding patients
• children younger than age 5.

Administration

• Administer oral form 30 minutes before meals and at bedtime.
• Before giving by inhalation, shake canister gently.
• Don't immerse canister in water.
• Before using nasal spray, have patient clear nasal passages by blowing nose.
• Don't expose solutions to direct sunlight.

Route	Onset	Peak	Duration
P.O., inhalation, nasal, ophthalmic	<1 wk	2-4 wk	Unknown

Adverse reactions

CNS: headache, drowsiness, dizziness

EENT: nasal irritation, sneezing, epistaxis, postnasal drip (with nasal solution); stinging of eyes, lacrimation (with ophthalmic solution)

GI: nausea, diarrhea, stomachache, swollen parotid glands

GU: difficult or painful urination, urinary frequency

Musculoskeletal: myopathy

Respiratory: wheezing, cough, bronchospasm

Skin: erythema, rash, urticaria, angioedema

Other: altered taste, substernal burning, allergic reactions including anaphylaxis, serum sickness

Interactions

None significant

Patient monitoring

• Monitor pulmonary function periodically.
• Evaluate patient for signs and symptoms of overdose, including bronchospasm and difficult or painful urination.

Patient teaching

With nebulizer -
• Instruct patient to prepare nebulizer according to package instructions, to clear as much mucus as possible before use, and to rinse mouth after each use (to help prevent opportunistic infections and reduce unpleasant aftertaste).

With nasal form -
• Teach patient how to instill nasal spray as directed.
• Tell patient that drug may cause unpleasant taste, but that rinsing mouth and performing frequent oral care may help. Also inform him that drug may cause headache.
• Advise patient to report increased sneezing; nasal burning, stinging, or irritation; sore throat; hoarseness; or nosebleed.

With oral form -
• Tell patient to take oral form 30 minutes before meals.

With ophthalmic form -
• Instruct patient to wash hands before using.
• Teach patient how to instill drops: Instruct him to tilt his head back and look up, place drops inside lower eyelid, close his eye, and roll eyeball in all directions. Tell him not to blink for about 30 seconds, and then to apply gentle pressure to inner corner of eye for 30 seconds.
• Caution patient not to let applicator tip touch eye or any other surface.
• Tell patient drug may cause temporary stinging of eye or blurred vision.
• Advise patient not to wear contact lenses during therapy.

With all forms -
• As appropriate, review all other significant adverse reactions.

---

cromolyn sodium

Nasalcrom^®, Opticrom^® ENT An anti-inflammatory delivered by nebulizer to ↓ airway hyperresponsiveness, treat allergic rhinitis, and prevent antigen-, exercise-, cold air-, hyperventilation-, SO₂-provoked, early and late asthma. See Allergic rhinitis.