controlled respiration

controlled respiration

n.

See controlled ventilation.

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respiration (res´pirā´shn),

n the gaseous exchange between cells of the body and the environment. Four stages exist: pulmonary ventilation, diffusion of gases in the alveoli, transport of gases in the blood to and from cells, and regulation of the process.

respiration, artificial,

n maintenance of respiratory movements by artificial means. When respiration has been arrested and no mechanical device is available, resuscitation by means of artificial respiration is the only practical means of ventilating the lungs.

n.pr (Cheyne-Stokes reflex), a type of breathing characterized by rhythmic variations in intensity that occur in cycles: rhythmic acceleration, deepening, and stopping of breathing movements.

respiration, controlled,

n maintenance of adequate pulmonary ventilation in apneic patients.

respiration, external,

n ventilation of the lungs and oxygenation of the blood.

respiration in speech,

n in normal speech, the action of the respiratory apparatus during exhalation, which provides a continuous stream of air with sufficient volume and pressure (under adequate voluntary control) to initiate phonation. The stream of air is modified in its course from the lungs by the facial and oral structures, giving rise to the sound symbols that are recognized as speech.

respiration, internal,

n the mechanism of gaseous exchange between blood and tissues.

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respiration

1. the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the atmosphere and the body cells, including inspiration and expiration, diffusion of oxygen from the pulmonary alveoli to the blood and of carbon dioxide from the blood to the alveoli, and the transport of oxygen to and carbon dioxide from the body cells.

2. cellular respiration, the metabolic processes by which living cells break down carbohydrates, amino acids and fats to produce energy in the form of ATP (adenosine triphosphate).

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abdominal respiration

inspiration and expiration accomplished mainly by the abdominal muscles and diaphragm. Occurs in acute pleurisy because of pain in the chest and fixation of the thorax, and tick paralysis due to paralysis of the intercostal muscles.

aerobic respiration

oxidative transformation of certain substrates into secretory products, the released energy being used in the process of assimilation.

anaerobic respiration

respiration in which energy is released by chemical reactions in which free oxygen takes no part.

artificial respiration

that maintained by force applied to the body. Called also artificially assisted respiration.

artificially assisted respiration

see artificial respiration (above).

Biot's r's

rapid, deep respirations with abrupt pauses in breathing. See also biot's respirations.

cell respiration

the processes in the living cell by which organic substances are oxidized and chemical energy is released.

Cheyne-Stokes respiration

breathing characterized by rhythmic waxing and waning of respiration depth, with regularly recurring apneic periods. See also cheyne-stokes respiration.

cogwheel respiration

breathing with jerky inspiration.

controlled respiration

during general anesthesia using an endotracheal tube with an inflated cuff, the animal's respiration can be controlled completely by compression alternating with relaxation on the rebreathing bag of the breathing circuit. See also intermittent positive-pressure ventilation.

costal respiration

the respiratory movements are mostly carried out by the chest wall.

diaphragmatic respiration

that performed mainly by the diaphragm.

electrophrenic respiration

induction of respiration by electric stimulation of the phrenic nerve.

external respiration

the exchange of gases between the lungs and the blood.

internal respiration

the exchange of gases between the body cells and the blood.

Kussmaul's respiration

see kussmaul's respiration.

labored respiration

see dyspnea.

respiration monitors

machines that monitor respiratory movement and efficiency are most desirable during anesthesia. They include rate monitors, apnea alarms, tidal and minute volume monitoring respirometers, infrared gas analyzers to measure carbon dioxide content of end-tidal air,

paradoxical respiration

that in which a lung, or a portion of a lung, is deflated during inspiration and inflated during expiration. See also paradoxical respiration.

tissue respiration

internal respiration.