contraceptive diaphragm

diaphragm /di·a·phragm/ (di´ah-fram)

1. the musculomembranous partition separating the abdominal and thoracic cavities and serving as a major muscle aiding inhalation.

2. any separating membrane or structure.

3. a disk with one or more openings or with an adjustable opening, mounted in relation to a lens or source of radiation, by which part of the light or radiation may be excluded from the area.

4. a device of molded rubber or other soft plastic material, fitted over the uterine cervix before intercourse to prevent entrance of spermatozoa.diaphragmat´ic

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contraceptive diaphragm  diaphragm (4).

pelvic diaphragm  the portion of the floor of the pelvis formed by the coccygeal and levator ani muscles and their fasciae.

polyarcuate diaphragm  one showing abnormal scalloping of the margins on radiographic visualization.

Potter-Bucky diaphragm  see under grid.

respiratory diaphragm  diaphragm (1).

urogenital diaphragm  traditional but no longer valid concept that fascial layers enclose the sphincter urethrae and deep transverse perineal muscles and together form a musculomembranous sheet that extends between the ischiopubic rami.

vaginal diaphragm  diaphragm (4).

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contraceptive diaphragm,

a contraceptive device consisting of a hemisphere of thin rubber bonded to a flexible ring, inserted into the vagina together with spermicidal jelly or cream up to 2 hours before coitus. Fitted between the pubic symphysis and the posterior fornix of the vagina, the diaphragm cups the cervix in a pool of spermicide so that spermatozoa cannot enter the uterus, thus preventing conception. The rate of failure of the diaphragm method of contraception is approximately 2 unplanned pregnancies in 100 women using the method properly for 1 year. The principal advantage of the diaphragm is that it has no systemic effects. Diaphragms are manufactured in seven standard sizes from 55 to 100 mm in diameter. Kinds of diaphragms are arcing spring, coil spring, and flat spring. Also called (informal) diaphragm.