continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis

continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD)

[kəntin′yo̅o̅·əs]

Etymology: L, continuare, to unite, ambulare, to walk about; Gk, peri, near, tenein, to stretch, dia, through, lysis, loosening

a maintenance system of peritoneal dialysis in which an indwelling catheter permits fluid to drain into and out of the peritoneal cavity by gravity.

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dialysis [di-al´ĭ-sis] (Gr.)

1. the diffusion of solute molecules through a semipermeable membrane, normally passing from the side of higher concentration to that of lower. A semipermeable membrane is one that allows the passage of certain smaller molecules of such crystalloids as glucose and urea, but prevents passage of larger molecules such as the colloidal plasma proteins and protoplasm. adj., adj dialyt´ic.

2. hemodialysis.

continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) peritoneal dialysis involving the continuous presence of dialysis solution in the peritoneal cavity; see discussion at peritoneal dialysis.

continuous cycling peritoneal dialysis (CCPD) a procedure similar to continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis but taking place at night, using a machine to make several fluid exchanges automatically. See discussion at peritoneal dialysis.

dialysis dysequilibrium syndrome a condition occasionally seen following overly rapid hemodialysis, characterized by increased intracranial pressure that causes nausea, headache, vomiting, restlessness, and a decreased level of consciousness. The neurological complications may lead to coma and death if not treated. The cause of this syndrome is thought to be the rapid decrease in the blood urea nitrogen that accompanies dialysis. Called also dialysis dysequilibrium.

extracorporeal dialysis dialysis by a hemodialyzer; see also hemodialysis.

intermittent peritoneal dialysis (IPD) an older form of peritoneal dialysis in which dialysis solution is infused into the peritoneal cavity, allowed to equilibrate for 10 to 20 minutes, and then drained out. See discussion at peritoneal dialysis.

kidney dialysis hemodialysis.

peritoneal dialysis see peritoneal dialysis.

renal dialysis hemodialysis.

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peritoneal

pertaining to the peritoneum.

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continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis

the use of an indwelling catheter with external tubing that is strapped to the body wall when not being used for infusion and drainage of the dialysate fluid.

peritoneal cysts

include vestigial remnants of primordial urogenital organs, cestode intermediate stages, inclusion cysts or lymphatic ectasia.

peritoneal dialysis

the employment of the peritoneum surrounding the abdominal cavity as a dialyzing membrane for the purpose of removing acumulated waste products or toxins. In veterinary medicine, the main indication is acute, reversible renal failure. Certain crystalloids such as urea, creatinine and electrolytes, and some drugs, such as the salicylates, bromides and barbiturates, can be removed.

Fluid equal in osmolarity and similar in chemical composition to normal body fluid is introduced into the peritoneal cavity via a catheter. After a period of time ('dwell time') determined by the molecular weight of the substance being used as the dialyzing solution, the fluid is drained and the cycle repeated.

peritoneal implantation

attachment and growth of other tissues to the peritoneum, e.g. a fetus escaped from the genital tract, direct metastasis of malignant tumors.

peritoneal lavage

see abdominal lavage.

peritoneal lymph

the fluid normally present in very small amount in the peritoneal cavity.

peritoneal membrane

see peritoneum.

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continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis

See Peritoneal dialysis.