congenital nonspherocytic hemolytic anemia

anemia /ane·mia/ (ah-ne´me-ah) reduction below normal of the number of erythrocytes, quantity of hemoglobin, or the volume of packed red cells in the blood; a symptom of various diseases and disorders.ane´mic

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achrestic anemia  any of various types of megaloblastic anemia resembling pernicious anemia but unresponsive to therapy with vitamin B12.

aplastic anemia  a diverse group of anemias characterized by bone marrow suppression with replacement of the hematopoietic cells by fat, which causes pancytopenia, often accompanied by granulocytopenia and thrombocytopenia.

autoimmune hemolytic anemia  AIHA; a general term covering a large group of anemias involving autoantibodies against red cell antigens; they may be idiopathic or may have any of a number of causes, including autoimmune disease, hematologic neoplasms, viral infections, or immunodeficiency disorders.

aregenerative anemia  anemia characterized by bone marrow failure, so that functional marrow cells are regenerated slowly or not at all.

Blackfan-Diamond anemia  congenital hypoplastic a. (1).

congenital hypoplastic anemia 

1. a progressive anemia of unknown etiology seen in the first year of life, with deficiency of red cell precursors in an otherwise normally cellular bone marrow; it is unresponsive to hematinics.

2. Fanconi's syndrome (1).

congenital nonspherocytic hemolytic anemia  any of a heterogeneous group of inherited anemias characterized by shortened red cell survival, lack of spherocytosis, and normal osmotic fragility with erythrocyte membrane defects, multiple intracellular enzyme deficiencies or other defects, or unstable hemoglobins.

Cooley's anemia  thalassemia major.

drug-induced immune hemolytic anemia  immune hemolytic anemia produced by drugs, classified as the penicillin type, in which the drug induces the formation of specific antibodies; the methyldopa type, in which the drug induces the formation of anti-Rh antibodies; and the stibophen type, in which circulating drug-antibody complexes bind to red cells.

equine infectious anemia  a viral disease of equines, with recurring malaise and abrupt temperature rises, weight loss, edema, and anemia; transmission to humans has been suggested, in whom it causes anemia, neutropenia, and relative lymphocytosis.

Fanconi's anemia  Fanconi's syndrome (1).

hemolytic anemia  any of a group of acute or chronic anemias, inherited or acquired, characterized by shortened survival of mature erythrocytes and inability of bone marrow to compensate for the decreased life span.

hereditary iron-loading anemia  hereditary sideroblastic a.

hereditary sideroachrestic anemia  hereditary sideroblastic a.

hereditary sideroblastic anemia  an X-linked anemia characterized by ringed sideroblasts, hypochromic, microcytic erythrocytes, poikilocytosis, weakness, and later by iron overload.

hookworm anemia  hypochromic microcytic anemia resulting from infection with Ancylostoma or Necator; see also under disease.

hypochromic anemia  that characterized by a disproportionate reduction of red cell hemoglobin and an increased area of central pallor in the red cells.

hypoplastic anemia  that due to varying degrees of erythrocytic hypoplasia without leukopenia or thrombocytopenia.

iron deficiency anemia  a form characterized by low or absent iron stores, low serum iron concentration, low transferrin saturation, elevated transferrin, low hemoglobin concentration or hematocrit, and hypochromic, microcytic red blood cells.

macrocytic anemia  a group of anemias of varying etiologies, marked by larger than normal red cells, absence of the customary central area of pallor, and an increased mean corpuscular volume and mean corpuscular hemoglobin.

Mediterranean anemia  thalassemia major.

megaloblastic anemia  any anemia characterized by megaloblasts in the bone marrow, such as pernicious a.

microcytic anemia  that marked by decrease in size of the red cells.

myelopathic anemia , myelophthisic anemia leukoerythroblastosis.

normochromic anemia  anemia in which the hemoglobin content of the red cells as measured by the MCHC is in the normal range.

normocytic anemia  that marked by a proportionate decrease in the hemoglobin content, the packed red cell volume, and the number of erythrocytes per cubic millimeter of blood.

pernicious anemia  megaloblastic anemia, most commonly affecting older adults, due to failure of the gastric mucosa to secrete adequate and potent intrinsic factor, resulting in malabsorption of vitamin B12.

polar anemia  an anemic condition that occurs during exposure to low temperature; initially microcytic, but subsequently becoming normocytic.

pure red cell anemia  anemia characterized by absence of red cell precursors in the bone marrow; the congenital form is called congenital hypoplastic a.

refractory normoblastic anemia  refractory sideroblastic a.

refractory sideroblastic anemia  a sideroblastic anemia clinically similar to the hereditary sideroblastic form but occurring in adults and often only slowly progressive. It is unresponsive to hematinics or to withdrawal of toxic agents or drugs and may be preleukemic.

sickle cell anemia  an autosomal dominant type of hemolytic anemia, seen primarily in those of West African descent, and less often in the Mediterranean basin and a few other areas; it is caused by hemoglobin S with abnormal erythrocytes (sickle cells) in the blood. Homozygous individuals have the full-blown syndrome with accelerated hemolysis, increased blood viscosity and vaso-occlusion, arthralgias, acute attacks of abdominal pain, and ulcerations of the lower limbs; some have periodic attacks of sickle cell crises. The heterozygous condition is called sickle cell trait and is usually asymptomatic.

sideroachrestic anemia  sideroblastic a.

sideroblastic anemia  any of a group of anemias that may have diverse clinical manifestations; commonly characterized by large numbers of ringed sideroblasts in the bone marrow, ineffective erythropoiesis, variable proportions of hypochromic erythrocytes in the peripheral blood, and usually increased levels of tissue iron.

sideropenic anemia  a group of anemias marked by low levels of iron in the plasma; it includes iron deficiency anemia and the anemia of chronic disorders.

spur cell anemia  anemia in which the red cells have a bizarre spiculated shape and are destroyed prematurely, primarily in the spleen; it is an acquired form occurring in severe liver disease and represents an abnormality in the cholesterol content of the red cell membrane.

toxic hemolytic anemia  that due to toxic agents, including drugs, bacterial lysins, and snake venoms.

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congenital nonspherocytic hemolytic anemia,

a group of blood disorders made up of a number of similar inherited diseases, each with a deficiency of one of the enzymes of red cell glycolysis. Most are associated with varying degrees of hemolysis, but all are less severe than, and are to be differentiated from, the more serious disorder associated with spherocytosis. Compare hemolytic anemia, spherocytic anemia. See also elliptocytosis, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency, heme, sickle cell anemia.