colloid solution

solution /so·lu·tion/ (sŏ-loo´shun)

1. a homogeneous mixture of one or more substances (solutes) dispersed molecularly in a sufficient quantity of dissolving medium (solvent).

2. in pharmacology, a liquid preparation of one or more soluble chemical substances usually dissolved in water.

3. the process of dissolving.

4. a loosening or separation.

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acetic acid otic solution  a solution of glacial acetic acid in a nonaqueous solvent, used to treat otitis externa caused by various fungi.

aluminum acetate topical solution  a preparation of aluminum subacetate solution, glacial acetic acid, and water; an astringent applied topically to the skin as a wet dressing and used as a gargle or mouthwash.

aluminum subacetate topical solution  a solution of aluminum sulfate, acetic acid, precipitated calcium carbonate, and water; applied topically as an astringent, and also as an antiseptic and a wet dressing.

anisotonic solution  one having tonicity differing from that of the standard of reference.

anticoagulant citrate dextrose solution  a solution of citric acid, sodium citrate, and dextrose in water for injection, used for preservation of whole blood.

anticoagulant citrate phosphate dextrose solution  a solution containing citric acid, sodium citrate, monobasic sodium phosphate, and dextrose in water for injection; used for preservation of whole blood.

anticoagulant citrate phosphate dextrose adenine solution  a solution consisting of anticoagulant citrate phosphate dextrose solution and adenine; used for the preservation of whole blood.

anticoagulant heparin solution  a sterile solution of heparin sodium in sodium chloride, used as an anticoagulant in the preservation of whole blood.

anticoagulant sodium citrate solution  a solution of sodium citrate in water for injection, used for the storage of whole blood, preparation of blood for fractionation, and preparation of citrated human plasma.

APF solution  sodium fluoride and acidulated phosphate topical s.

aqueous solution  one in which water is the solvent.

Benedict's solution  a sodium citrate, sodium carbonate, and cupric sulfate aqueous solution; used to determine presence of glucose in urine.

buffer solution  one that resists appreciable change in its hydrogen ion concentration upon addition of acid or alkali.

cardioplegic solution  a cold solution injected into the aortic root or the coronary ostia to induce cardiac arrest and protect the heart during open heart surgery, usually potassium in an electrolyte solution or in blood.

colloid solution , colloidal solution imprecise term for a colloidal system; see colloid (2).

Dakin's solution  a diluted sodium hypochlorite solution, which has been used as a topical anti-infective for skin and wounds.

formaldehyde solution  an aqueous solution containing not less than 37 per cent formaldehyde; used as a disinfectant and as a preservative and fixative for pathologic specimens.

hyperbaric solution  one having a greater specific gravity than a standard of reference.

hypobaric solution  one having a specific gravity less than that of a standard of reference.

iodine topical solution  a solution prepared with purified water, each 100 ml containing 1.8 to 2.2 g of iodine and 2.1 to 2.6 g of sodium iodide; a local anti-infective.

isobaric solution  a solution having the same specific gravity as a standard of reference.

lactated Ringer's solution  see under injection.

Lugol's solution  strong iodine s.

molar solution  a solution each liter of which contains 1 mole of the dissolved substance; designated 1 M. The concentration of other solutions may be expressed in relation to that of molar solutions as tenth-molar (0.1 M), etc.

Monsel's solution  a reddish-brown aqueous solution of basic ferric sulfate; astringent and hemostatic.

normal solution  a solution each liter of which contains 1 equivalent weight of the dissolved substance: designated 1 N.

normal saline solution , normal salt solution physiologic salt s.

ophthalmic solution  a sterile solution, free from foreign particles, for instillation into the eye.

physiologic saline solution , physiologic salt solution, physiologic sodium chloride solution a 0.9 per cent aqueous solution of sodium chloride, which is isotonic with blood serum.

Ringer's solution  see under injection and irrigation.

saline solution , salt solution a solution of sodium chloride in purified water.

saturated solution  one containing all of the solute which can be held in solution by the solvent.

sclerosing solution  a solution of a sclerosing agent, for use in sclerotherapy.

Shohl's solution  an aqueous solution of citric acid and sodium citrate; used to correct electrolyte imbalance in renal tubular acidosis.

sodium fluoride and acidulated phosphate topical solution  a solution of sodium fluoride, acidulated with phosphoric acid, pH of 3.0 to 3.5; applied topically to the teeth as a dental caries prophylactic.

sodium hypochlorite solution  a solution containing 4 to 6 per cent by weight of sodium hypochlorite; used to disinfect utensils. In dilution, usually containing approximately 0.5 per cent free chlorine, it is used for skin disinfection and wound irrigation.

standard solution  one that contains in each liter a definitely stated amount of reagent; usually expressed in terms of normality (equivalent weights of solute per liter of solution) or molarity (moles of solute per liter of solution).

strong iodine solution  a solution containing, in each 100 ml, 5 g of iodine and 10 g of potassium iodide; a source of iodine.

supersaturated solution  an unstable solution containing more of the solute than it can permanently hold.

TAC solution  a solution of tetracaine, epinephrine, and cocaine, used as a local anesthetic in the emergency treatment of uncomplicated lacerations.

volumetric solution  one that contains a specific quantity of solvent per stated unit of volume.

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solution [so-loo´shun]

1. a homogeneous mixture of one or more substances (solutes) dispersed molecularly in a sufficient quantity of dissolving medium (solvent).

2. in pharmacology, a liquid preparation of one or more soluble chemical substances, which are usually dissolved in water. For names of specific solutions, see under the name.

3. the process of dissolving or disrupting.

4. a loosening or separation.

Preparation of Solutions. Formula for preparing solutions from a pure drug:

For example, to prepare 2000 mL of a 2 per cent solution from boric acid crystals, the proportion would be

Formula for preparing solutions from stock solutions:

For example, to prepare 1000 mL of a 2 per cent solution from a 4 per cent stock solution, the proportion would be

aqueous solution one in which water is used as the solvent.

BCG solution an aqueous suspension of bacille Calmette-Guérin for instillation into the bladder to activate the immune system in treatment of superficial bladder cancers. It reduces the risk of a subsequent bladder cancer developing, although the exact mechanism of action is unknown.

buffer solution one that resists appreciable change in its hydrogen ion concentration (pH) when acid or alkali is added to it.

colloid solution (colloidal solution) imprecise term for colloid (def. 3).

hyperbaric solution one having a greater specific gravity than a standard of reference.

hypertonic solution one having an osmotic pressure greater than that of a standard of reference.

hypobaric solution one having a specific gravity less than that of a standard of reference.

hypotonic solution one having an osmotic pressure less than that of a standard of reference.

isobaric solution a solution having the same specific gravity as a standard of reference.

isotonic solution one having an osmotic pressure the same as that of a standard of reference.

molar solution a solution in which each liter contains 1 mole of the dissolved substance; designated 1 M. The concentration of other solutions may be expressed in relation to that of molar solutions as tenth-molar (0.1 M), etc.

normal solution a solution in which each liter contains 1 equivalent weight of the dissolved substance; designated 1 N.

ophthalmic solution a sterile solution, free from foreign particles, for instillation into the eye.

saturated solution one in which the solvent has taken up all of the dissolved substance that it can hold in solution.

sclerosing solution one containing an irritant substance (sclerosing agent) that will cause obliteration of a space, as in sclerotherapy.

standard solution one that contains in each liter a definitely stated amount of reagent; usually expressed in terms of normality (equivalent weights of solute per liter of solution) or molarity (moles of solute per liter of solution).

supersaturated solution an unstable solution containing more of the solute than it can permanently hold.

volumetric solution one that contains a specific quantity of solvent per stated unit of volume.

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colloid solution

Fluid therapy A suspension of particles that are so small–1 nm to 1 µm in diameter—that they don't settle out of solution without external force–eg, centrifugation Transfusion medicine
A balanced solution–eg, Dextran 40, Dextran 70, used for volume expansion Pros Composed of HMW substances retained in vessels, unassociated with peripheral edema Cons Allergic reactions; ↑ cost. Cf Crystalloid solution.