lip (lip)
cleft lip,
cleft [kleft]
1. the upper or lower fleshy margin of the mouth.
2. any liplike part; labium.
cleft lip a congenital cleft or defect in the upper lip.
glenoid lip a ring of fibrocartilage joined to the rim of the glenoid cavity.
Hapsburg lip a thick, overdeveloped lower lip that often accompanies Hapsburg jaw.
| cleft lip n. A congenital facial deformity of the lip, usually the upper lip, due to a mesodermal deficiency or to a failure of merging in one or more of the embryologic processes that form the lip; it is frequently associated with cleft tooth socket and cleft palate. Also called cheiloschisis, harelip. |   Left: unilateral cleft lip Right: bilateral cleft lip |
cleft lip,
a congenital anomaly consisting of one or more clefts in the upper lip that result from the failure in the embryo of the maxillary and median nasal processes to close. Treatment is surgical repair in infancy. Also called harelip. See also cleft palate.
cleft [kleft]
1. a fissure or longitudinal opening, especially one occurring during embryonic development.
2. having such a fissure.
branchial cleft
1. one of the slitlike openings in the gills of fish between the branchial arches.
facial cleft
1. any of the clefts between the embryonic prominences that normally unite to form the face.
2. failure of union of one of these embryonic clefts; depending on the site, this causes such developmental defects as cleft cheek, cleft mandible, or cleft lip. Called also prosoposchisis.
cleft lip (cleft palate) congenital fissure, or split, of the lip (cleft lip) or of the roof of the mouth (cleft palate); one or the other occurs in about one birth per thousand. Sometimes they are associated with clubfoot (talipes) or other anatomic defects. They have no connection with mental retardation. Although poor health of the mother during pregnancy may have some effect on the development of her child, the old superstition that psychologic experiences of the pregnant mother can cause cleft palate and cleft lip has no scientific basis. However, it is true that parents who were born with cleft palate or cleft lip are somewhat more likely than other parents to have children with these defects.
Cleft palate and cleft lip result from failure of the two sides of the face to unite properly at an early stage of prenatal development. The defect may be limited to the outer flesh of the upper lip (the term harelip, suggesting the lip of a rabbit, is both inaccurate and unkind), or it may extend back through the midline of the upper jaw through the roof of the palate. Sometimes only the soft palate, located at the rear of the mouth, is involved.
The infant with a cleft palate is unable to suckle properly, because the opening between mouth and nose through the palate prevents suction. Feeding must be done by other means, with a dropper, a cup, a spoon, or an obturator, a device inserted in the mouth to close the cleft while the baby is sucking. Cleft palate allows food to get into the nose, and it causes difficulty in chewing and swallowing. Later it will hinder speech, because consonants such as g, b, d, and f, which are normally formed by pressure against the roof of the mouth, are distorted by resonance in the nasal cavity. The cleft may also prevent movements of the soft palate essential in clear speech.
Cleft palate and cleft lip result from failure of the two sides of the face to unite properly at an early stage of prenatal development. The defect may be limited to the outer flesh of the upper lip (the term harelip, suggesting the lip of a rabbit, is both inaccurate and unkind), or it may extend back through the midline of the upper jaw through the roof of the palate. Sometimes only the soft palate, located at the rear of the mouth, is involved.
The infant with a cleft palate is unable to suckle properly, because the opening between mouth and nose through the palate prevents suction. Feeding must be done by other means, with a dropper, a cup, a spoon, or an obturator, a device inserted in the mouth to close the cleft while the baby is sucking. Cleft palate allows food to get into the nose, and it causes difficulty in chewing and swallowing. Later it will hinder speech, because consonants such as g, b, d, and f, which are normally formed by pressure against the roof of the mouth, are distorted by resonance in the nasal cavity. The cleft may also prevent movements of the soft palate essential in clear speech.
Treatment. Treatment of cleft palate and cleft lip is by surgery, followed by measures to improve speech. A cleft palate should be reconstructed by plastic surgery when the child is about 18 months old, before he learns to talk. The corrective work usually requires only one operation. After surgery, the child often needs special training in speech to facilitate communication and maintain self-esteem. Cleft lip usually can be corrected by surgery when the child reaches a weight of 12 to 15 lb (5.4 to 7 kg), generally at the age of 2 to 3 months. Successful surgery often leaves only a thin scar and a greatly improved ability to form the p, b, and m sounds. A child born with a moderate degree of cleft palate or cleft lip can look forward to a life normal in appearance, speech, and manner if proper action is taken early. This means consulting and carefully following the advice of competent specialists in medicine, surgery, dentistry, and speech.
Patient Care. The main concerns during the preoperative period are maintenance of adequate nutrition, prevention of respiratory infections, and speech therapy to prevent development of bad habits of speech. Postoperative care must be aimed at prevention of trauma to or infection of the operative site. The child is not allowed to lie prone until the incision is completely healed. Elbow restraints are used to keep the fingers and hands away from the mouth. The patient is usually fed with a special syringe with a rubber tip as long as only liquids are allowed. When a soft diet is prescribed, care must be taken that the spoon or other eating utensils do not damage the suture line. Mouth care is given frequently to keep the mouth clean and reduce the danger of infection. Dental caries often occurs in patients with cleft palate and regular visits to the dentist are needed. Tender loving care, always a part of pediatric care, is even more necessary when caring for these children. They must be reassured and kept quiet so that crying and restlessness do not undo the work done by the surgeon. (See Atlas 1, Part A.)
A, Severe and B, mild form of cleft lip/palate. From Mueller et al., 2001.
lip [lip]
1. the upper or lower fleshy margin of the mouth.
2. any liplike part; called also labium.
cleft lip see cleft lip and cleft palate.
double lip redundancy of the submucous tissue and mucous membrane of the lip on either side of the median line.
glenoid lip a ring of fibrocartilage joined to the rim of the glenoid cavity.
Hapsburg lip a thick, overdeveloped lower lip that often accompanies Hapsburg jaw.
cleft (kleft),
n a longitudinal fissure of opening.
cleft, facial,
n the fissures along the embryonal lines of the junction of the maxillary and lateral nasal processes; usually extend obliquely from the nasal ala to the outer border of the eye (canthus).
cleft, gingival,
n a cleft of the marginal gingiva; may be caused by many factors, such as incorrect toothbrushing, a breakthrough to the surface of pocket formation, or faulty tooth positions, and may resemble a V-shaped notch.
cleft lip,
n a congenital anomaly of the face caused by the failure of fusion between embryonic maxillary and medial nasal processes.
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Cleft lip and palate.
cleft, occult,
n See submucous cleft.
cleft, operated,
n (postoperative cleft), a cleft that has been surgically repaired.
cleft palate,
n a congenital anomaly of the oral cavity caused by the failure of fusion between the embryonic palatal shelves.
cleft palate, alveolar graft,
n a bone graft placed at the site of a hard palate cleft before teeth have an opportunity to erupt through the gingiva tissue. It creates the architecture necessary for normal eruption of the maxillary teeth and provides support for adjacent teeth. It may also eliminate the need for prosthetic intervention in the future.
cleft palate, hard palate graft,
n a bone graft used to block the oronasal passage in order to facilitate breathing in children with hard palate clefts.
cleft palate prosthesis,
cleft, postoperative,
n See cleft, operated.
cleft, Stillman's,
n the small fissures extending apically from the midline of the gingival margin in teeth subjected to trauma. Although these clefts may be found in traumatism, they are not necessarily diagnostic of occlusal trauma.
cleft, submucous,
n See submucous cleft.
cleft, unoperated,
n a cleft of the palate that has not been surgically repaired.
lip,
n 1. either the upper or lower structure surrounding the opening of the oral cavity.
2. a rimlike structure bordering a cavity or groove.
2. a rimlike structure bordering a cavity or groove.
lip biting,
n an oral habit in which either lip is placed between the teeth with more or less forcible application of the teeth to the lips.
lip, cleft,
n See harelip.
lip, congenital cleft,
n See harelip.
lip, double,
n a redundant fold of tissue on the mucosal side of the upper lip that gives the appearance of a second lip and that may become accentuated by habitually being sucked between the teeth.
lip line, high,
n the greatest height to which the lip is raised in normal function or during the act of smiling broadly.
lip line, low,
n the lowest position of the lower lip during the act of smiling or voluntary retraction. The lowest position of the upper lip at rest.
lip pits (congenital lip fistulas),
n.pl the congenital depressions, usually bilateral and symmetrically placed, on the vermilion portion of the lower lip. These pits may be circular or may be present as a transverse slit. The depression represents a blind fistula that penetrates downward into the lower lip to a depth of 0.5 to 2.5 cm. They often exude viscid saliva on pressure.
lip retractor,
n a device to retract the lips when taking intraoral photographs.
lip, structures of,
cleft
a fissure or longitudinal opening, especially one occurring during embryonic development.
branchial c's
the slit-like openings in the gills of fish between the branchial arches; also, the homologous branchial grooves between the branchial arches of mammalian embryos.
cleft chin
occasionally seen in cattle particularly Herefords. There is a notch at the mandibular symphysis and the central incisors may be directed centrally.
frog cleft
the sagittal cleft in the frog of the horse's foot.
glottic cleft
entrance to the larynx; called also rima glottidis.
infundibular cleft
common opening of the auditory tubes in birds.
interdigital cleft
separates the hooves.
cleft lip
a defect in fusion between the central prolabium and one or both lateral mesodermal masses. Most common in dogs of the brachycephalic breeds; may be inherited or caused by environmental factors. Often combined with defects in the palate. Called also primary cleft palate, harelip, cheiloschisis.
Congenital fissure, or split, may involve the hard or soft palate. A common cause of nasal regurgitation in neonates, especially foals. Known to be inherited in some breeds of cattle and dogs, particularly brachycephalic breeds. Called also secondary cleft palate, palatoschisis.
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Cleft lip (harelip) in a calf. By permission from Blowey RW, Weaver AD, Diseases and Disorders of Cattle, Mosby, 1997
cleft palate
see cleft lip (above). Also occurs commonly in diseases manifest with arthrogryposis, both hereditary as in Charolais cattle and with lupine-induced crooked calf.
Rathke cleft
see rathke's pouch.
cleft tongue
the anterior portion is divided by a longitudinal cleft.
cleft lip
Embryology A congenital defect characterized by a failure in the fusion of the upper lip; often associated with cleft palate. See Cleft palate.
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