citrinin

mycotoxin produced by the fungi Penicillium viridicatum, P. palitans and Aspergillus ochraceus; causes tremor, recumbency, convulsions, nephrosis.

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Effect of citrinin, a mycotoxin produced by Penicillium citrinum on laying hens and young broiler chicks.

Ochratoxin A and citrinin induced biochemical changes in broiler chicken

Synergistic effect of cItrinin on hepatorenal carcinogenesis of ochratoxin A in mice.

Ochratoxin A is not detectable in renal and testicular tumours

Besides, species of Penicillium cause kidney disease in human and pigs due to production of the mycotoxin called Citrinin [37].

Mycoflora of grain maize (Zea mays L.) stored in traditional storage containers (Gombisa and Sacks) in selected woredas of Jimma zone, Ethiopia

One popular brand was also discovered to contain citrinin, a potential kidney toxin, according to the report.

ConsumerLab.com tests red yeast rice supplements & cocoa powder

Scientific opinion on the risk for public and animal health related to the presence of citrinin in food and feed.

Red yeast rice in the treatment of hyperlipidemia

Some of these minor mycotoxins include T-2 toxin, fusaric acid, cyclopiazeaic acid, patulin, gliotoxin, citrinin, and ergot alkaloids.

Occurrence and decontamination of mycotoxins in swine feed

Aspergillus terreus is associated with aspergillosis of the lungs and/or disseminated aspergillosis and can produce the toxins patulin and citrinin, which may be associated with disease in humans and animals.

Evaporator air-side fouling: effect on performance of room air conditioners and impact on indoor air quality

It appears that the production of polyketide azaphilone pigments from such potentially safe hosts is advantageous over traditional processes that involve Monascus, which risks co-production of the mycotoxin citrinin.

Natural pigments from fungi minimize variability

And, as if that wasn't bad enough, four out of the 12 supplements tested had detectible amounts of citrinin.

Not all "natural" supplements are safe--this popular one could be dangerous

Exposure to staplabin and SMTP-7 alone decreased slightly, but not dose dependently, the viability of the macrophages, whereas ochratoxin, citrinin, and sterigmatocystin did not cause excessive cell death alone or when combined with the spores of Str.

Synergistic interaction in simultaneous exposure to Streptomyces californicus and Stachybotrys chartarum

In addition these materials are tested for their resistance to colonization by both Trichoderma haematum and Penicillium citrinin in the laboratory.

Re-evaluating supplementation

Our evaluation has insured that HPLC testing verified the monacolins to be within naturally occurring levels and further documented that citrinin was not present in significant quantities in these products.

Emerson Ecologics Quality Program Provides Healthcare Professionals with EQP Approved Manufacturers of Red Yeast Rice Supplements