cisplatin

cisplatin /cis·plat·in/ (sis´plat-in) DDP; a platinum coordination complex capable of producing inter- and intrastrand DNA crosslinks; used as an antineoplastic.

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cis·plat·in (ss-pltn)

n.

A platinum-containing chemotherapeutic drug used to treat metastatic ovarian or testicular cancers and advanced bladder cancer. Also called cisplatinum.

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cisplatin

[sisplat′in]

an antineoplastic.

indications It is prescribed in combination with vinblastine and bleomycin in the treatment of neoplasms such as metastatic testicular, prostatic, and ovarian tumors, and Hodgkin's lymphoma.

contraindications Preexisting renal dysfunction, myelosuppression, hearing impairment, or known hypersensitivity to this drug or other drugs containing platinum prohibits its use.

adverse effects Among the most serious adverse reactions are nephrotoxicity, ototoxicity, myelosuppression, severe nausea, anorexia, vomiting, and allergic reactions.

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cisplatin [sis´plah-tin]

a platinum coordination compound whose main mode of action resembles that of alkylating agents with production of cross links between the two strands of DNA in the double helix so that DNA cannot be replicated and the cells cannot divide. It is used as an antineoplastic agent in the treatment of metastatic tumors of the testis, ovary, bladder, and head and neck. It can cause serious damage to the kidney, eighth cranial nerve, gastrointestinal tract, and bone marrow, can upset metabolic processes, and can produce hypocalcemia and hypomagnesemia. Called also DDP or cis-DDP.

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cisplatin (sis·plaˑ·tn),

n a potent anticancer agent used to treat ovarian, prostatic, testicular, and other tumors.

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cisplatin (sisplat´in),

n an antineoplastic prescribed in the treatment of a wide variety of neoplasms such as metastatic testicular, prostatic, and ovarian tumors.

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cisplatin, cis-platinum

a platinum-containing complex used as an antineoplastic agent whose main mode of action resembles that of alkylating agents—production of cross-links between the two strands of DNA in the double helix so that DNA cannot be replicated and the cells cannot divide.

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cisplatin Warning - Hazardous drug!

Platinex (UK), Platinol

Pharmacologic class: Alkylating agent, platinum coordination complex

Therapeutic class: Antineoplastic

Pregnancy risk category D

FDA Boxed Warning

• Give under supervision of physician experienced in cancer chemotherapy, in facility with adequate diagnostic and treatment resources.
• Drug may cause severe cumulative renal toxicity. Other major dose-related toxicities are myelosuppression, nausea, and vomiting.
• Drug may lead to significant ototoxicity (which may be more pronounced in children), high-frequency hearing loss, and deafness.
• Anaphylactic-like reactions may occur within minutes of administration.
• Use caution to prevent inadvertent overdose. Doses above 100 mg/m²/cycle once every 3 to 4 weeks are rarely used. Avoid inadvertent overdose stemming from confusion with Paraplatin (carboplatin) or failure to differentiate daily doses from total dose per cycle.

Action

Inhibits DNA synthesis by causing intrastrand and interstrand cross-linking of DNA

Availability

Injection: 1 mg/ml in 50-mg and 100-mg vials

⊘Indications and dosages

➣ Metastatic testicular tumors

Adults: 20 mg/m² I.V. daily for 5 days/cycle, repeated q 3 to 4 weeks

➣ Metastatic ovarian cancer

Adults: 75 to 100 mg/m² I.V., repeated q 4 weeks in combination with cyclophosphamide; or 100 mg/m² q 4 weeks as a single agent

➣ Advanced bladder cancer

Adults: 50 to 70 mg/m² I.V. q 3 to 4 weeks as a single agent; dosage depends on whether patient has undergone radiation or chemotherapy.

Off-label uses

• Cervical cancer
• Squamous cell carcinoma

Contraindications

• Hypersensitivity to drug or other platinum-containing compounds
• Severe impairment of renal function
• Severe myelosuppression
• Hearing impairment
• Pregnancy or breastfeeding

Precautions

Use cautiously in:
• mild to moderate renal impairment, active infection, myelosuppression, chronic debilitating illness, heart failure, electrolyte abnormalities
• females of childbearing age.

Administration

• Prepare drug with equipment that doesn't contain aluminum.
• Give 2 L of I.V. fluids, as prescribed, 8 to 12 hours before drug infusion to help prevent toxicity.
• Dilute each dose in 2 L of dextrose 5% in 1/4 or 1/2 saline solution or 0.9% normal saline solution. Do not use dextrose 5% in water.
• Infuse each liter over 3 to 4 hours to minimize toxicity. In well-hydrated patients with good renal function, infusions of 100 to 500 ml may be given over 30 minutes.
• Follow facility policy for handling and disposal of antineoplastics.
☞ If solution contacts skin, wash immediately and thoroughly with soap and water. If solution contacts mucosa, flush with water immediately.
• Protect drug from light.

Route	Onset	Peak	Duration
I.V.	Unknown	18-23 days	39 days

Adverse reactions

CNS: malaise, weakness, seizures

EENT: ototoxicity, tinnitus

GI: severe nausea, vomiting, diarrhea

GU: sterility, nephrotoxicity

Hematologic: anemia, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia

Hepatic: hepatotoxicity

Metabolic: hypocalcemia, hypokalemia, hypomagnesemia, hyperuricemia

Skin: alopecia

Other: phlebitis at I.V. site, anaphylaxis

Interactions

Drug-drug. Amphotericin B, loop diuretics: increased risk of hypokalemia and hypomagnesemia

Antineoplastics: additive bone marrow depression

Live-virus vaccines: decreased antibody response to vaccine, increased risk of adverse reactions

Nephrotoxic drugs (such as aminoglycosides): additive nephrotoxicity

Ototoxic drugs (such as loop diuretics): additive ototoxicity

Phenytoin: reduced phenytoin blood level

Drug-diagnostic tests. Aspartate aminotransferase, bilirubin, blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, uric acid: increased levels

Calcium, magnesium, phosphate, potassium, sodium: decreased levels

Coombs' test: positive result

Patient monitoring

• Before starting therapy and before each subsequent dose, assess renal function test results and CBC with white cell differential.
• Monitor neurologic status, hepatic enzyme and uric acid levels, and audiogram results.
• Monitor urine output closely.

Patient teaching

• Instruct patient to drink 8 oz of water every hour while awake.
☞ Advise patient to promptly report bleeding, bruising, hearing loss, yellowing of skin or eyes, decreased urine output, or suspected infection.
• Tell patient that drug may cause hair loss.
• Instruct female patient to use reliable contraception; drug can harm fetus.
• As appropriate, review all other significant and life-threatening adverse reactions and interactions, especially those related to the drugs and tests mentioned above.

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cisplatin

Cis-platinum, diaminedichloride, Platinol A chemotherapeutic that forms covalent bonds and crosslinks with DNA, which is used for head & neck, ovarian, testicular, bladder CAs, lymphomas Adverse effects Nephrotoxicity, nausea, neurotoxicity

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Patient discussion about cisplatin.

Q. I was at my colleague's home and one of his kids kept talking to herself he said that she has PDD. i later asked my wife about it and she said she thinks it's a type of autism. but other than talking to herself the girl seemed perfectly normal. so is PDD a light version of autism?

A. I didn't really understand everything in this web page, but I think I get the big picture. Thanx

Q. What resources are available in Seattle, Washington to help with an autistic child?

A. i miss Seattle... here is a link to "Autism Spectrum Treatment and Research (ASTAR) Center". a well know establishment:

http://www.astarcenter.org/

Q. Is pervasive developmental disorder (PDD) or autism is fatal……what exactly it is……?

A. Autism is not fatal in its symptom and progression but it can become fatal as it does impair normal physiological function it CAN BE a fatal condition. It’s a group of illness which involves delays in the development of basic skills. It happens to children below age 3. It affects the child`s ability to communicate and interact. Autism affected children are also found to be mentally retarded.