| Dictionary, Encyclopedia and Thesaurus - The Free Dictionary 1,509,410,284 visitors served. |
|
Dictionary/ thesaurus | Medical dictionary | Legal dictionary | Financial dictionary | Acronyms | Idioms | Encyclopedia | Wikipedia encyclopedia | ? |
chlorambucil |
Also found in: Dictionary/thesaurus, Wikipedia | 0.04 sec. |
|
chlorambucil /chlor·am·bu·cil/ (klor-am´bu-sil) an alkylating agent from the nitrogen mustard group, used as an antineoplastic.
chlorambucil [klôr′ambo̅o̅′sil] an alkylating agent. indications It is prescribed in the treatment of a variety of malignant neoplastic diseases, including chronic lymphocytic leukemia and Hodgkin's disease. contraindications Bone marrow depression or known hypersensitivity to this drug prohibits its use. It is not given during pregnancy or within 28 days of chemotherapy or radiation therapy. Pregnancy should be avoided for 1 month after discontinuing use. adverse effects Among the more serious adverse reactions are bone marrow depression, GI disturbance, skin rash, and hepatotoxicity. chlorambucil (kloram´by n brand name: Leukeran;
drug class: antineoplastic alkylating agent; action: inhibits enzymes that allow synthesis of amino acids in proteins; uses: chronic lymphocytic leukemia, Hodgkin's disease, breast carcinoma, ovarian carcinoma. chlorambucil a nitrogen mustard derivative used as an antineoplastic agent.
immunosuppressants Drugs that prevent or reduce the immune response. They are used in the treatment of a variety of severe inflammations such as uveitis, scleritis, keratoconjunctivitis sicca, Behçet's syndrome, sympathetic ophthalmia, and to prevent corneal graft rejection. They include the corticosteroids (e.g. prednisolone), ciclosporin (cyclosporine), tacrolimus, and cytotoxic agents (e.g. azathioprine, chlorambucil, cyclophosphamide, methotrexate). It must be noted that immunosuppressants render the patient more susceptible to infection because immunity is reduced.
chlorambucil Warning - Hazardous drug! Leukeran Pharmacologic class: Alkylating agent, nitrogen mustard Therapeutic class: Antineoplastic, immunosuppressant Pregnancy risk category D FDA Boxed Warning• Drug may suppress bone marrow function severely and is carcinogenic. ActionInteracts with cellular DNA to produce cytotoxic cross-linkage, which disrupts cell function. Cell-cycle-phase nonspecific. AvailabilityTablets: 2 mg ⊘Indications and dosages ➣ Chronic lymphocytic leukemia, malignant lymphoma, Hodgkin's disease Adults: Initially, 0.1 to 0.2 mg/kg/day P.O. for 3 to 6 weeks as a single dose or in divided doses. Maintenance dosage is based on CBC but shouldn't exceed 0.1 mg/kg/day. Off-label uses• Idiopathic membranous nephropathy Contraindications• Hypersensitivity to drug or other alkylating agents PrecautionsUse cautiously in: Administration• Before starting therapy, assess for history of seizures or head trauma.
Adverse reactionsCNS: peripheral neuropathy, tremor, confusion, agitation, ataxia, flaccid paresis, seizures EENT: keratitis GI: nausea, vomiting, diarrhea GU: sterile cystitis, amenorrhea, sterility, decreased sperm count Hematologic: anemia, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, neutropenia, bone marrow depression Hepatic: jaundice, hepatotoxicity Metabolic: hyperuricemia Musculoskeletal: muscle twitching Respiratory: interstitial pneumonitis, pulmonary fibrosis Skin: rash, erythema multiforme, epidermal necrolysis, Stevens-Johnson syndrome Other: drug fever, allergic reaction, secondary malignancies InteractionsDrug-drug. Anticoagulants, aspirin: increased risk of bleeding Immunosuppressants, myelosuppressants: additive bone marrow depression Live-virus vaccines: decreased antibody response to vaccine, increased risk of adverse reactions Drug-diagnostic tests. Alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, aspartate aminotransferase, uric acid: increased levels (may reflect hepatotoxicity) Granulocytes, hemoglobin, neutrophils, platelets, red blood cells, white blood cells (WBCs): decreased counts Drug-herbs. Astragalus, echinacea, melatonin: interference with immunosuppressant action Patient monitoring☞ Monitor CBC with white cell differential and platelet count weekly. Patient teaching• Instruct patient to immediately report unusual bleeding or bruising, fever, nausea, vomiting, rash, chills, sore throat, cough, shortness of breath, seizures, amenorrhea, unusual lumps or masses, flank or stomach pain, joint pain, lip or mouth sores, or yellowing of skin or sclera. chlorambucil Leukeran™ Oncology An alkylating chemotherapeutic of the nitrogen mustard family, used for lymphomas and other CAs Adverse effects BM suppression, leukemia, infertility, convulsions How to thank TFD for its existence? Tell a friend about us, add a link to this page, add the site to iGoogle, or visit webmaster's page for free fun content. |
|
| ? Mentioned in | ? References in periodicals archive | |
|---|---|---|
P List (a) U List (b) Epinephrine (adrenaline) P042 Chlorambucil (Leukeran) U035 Nicotine P075 Cyclophosphamide (Cytoxan, Neosar, Procytox) U058 Nitroglycerine P081 Daunomycin (Dauorubicin, Cerubidine) U059 Physostigmine P204 Diethylstilbestrol U089 Physostigmine salicylate P188 Melphalan (Alkeran) U150 Warfarin > 0. A 74-year-old black man from Baltimore, with a history of chronic lymphocytic leukemia, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, coronary artery disease and hypertension, was hospitalized for fatigue and anemia 4 weeks after chemotherapy with chlorambucil. Chlorambucil--Doctors use chlorambucil to treat uveitis and meningoencephalitis. |
| Medical Dictionary |
| Free Tools: |
For surfers:
Browser extension |
Word of the Day |
Help
For webmasters: Free content | Linking | Lookup box | Double-click lookup | Partner with us |
|---|