cerebral peduncle

peduncle /pe·dun·cle/ (pĕ-dung´k'l) a stemlike connecting part, especially (a) a collection of nerve fibers coursing between different areas in the central nervous system, or (b) the stalk by which a nonsessile tumor is attached to normal tissue.pedun´cular

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cerebellar peduncles  three sets of paired bundles of the hindbrain (superior, middle, and inferior), connecting the cerebellum to the midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata, respectively.

cerebral peduncle  the anterior half of the midbrain, divisible into an anterior part (crus cerebri) and a posterior part (tegmentum), which are separated by the substantia nigra.

pineal peduncle  habenula (2).

peduncles of thalamus  thalamic radiations.

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cerebral peduncle

n.

1. The massive bundle of corticofugal nerve fibers passing longitudinally over the ventral surface of the midbrain on each side of the midline.

2. Either of the two halves of the midbrain connecting the forebrain to the hindbrain.

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cerebral peduncle

Etymology: L, cerebrum, brain, pes, foot

a pair of ovoid masses of nerve fibers at the upper border of the pons that disappear into the left and right hemispheres of the cerebrum. It includes corticopontine and pyramidal-tract fibers and helps constitute the central portion of the midbrain.

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peduncle [pe-dung´k'l]

1. a stemlike connecting part.

2. a collection of nerve fibers connecting between different regions in the central nervous system.

3. the stalk by which a nonsessile tumor is attached to normal tissue. adj., adj pedun´cular.

cerebellar p's three sets of paired bundles (superior, middle, and inferior) connecting the cerebellum to the midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata, respectively.

cerebral peduncle the anterior half of the midbrain, divisible into a posterior part (tegmentum) and an anterior part (crus cerebri), which are separated by the substantia nigra.

inferior cerebellar peduncle a large bundle of nerve fibers serving to connect the medulla oblongata and spinal cord with the cerebellum (especially the archicerebellum and paleocerebellum); it courses along the lateral border of the fourth ventricle and turns dorsally into the cerebellum. Formerly called caudal cerebellar peduncle.

middle cerebellar peduncle a large bundle of projection fibers originating in the contralateral pontine nuclei and entering the cerebellum, conveying impulses from the cerebral cortex to the neocerebellum.

pineal peduncle habenula (def. 2).

superior cerebellar peduncle a large bundle of projection fibers arising chiefly in the dentate nucleus of each cerebellar hemisphere (neocerebellum) and ascending to decussate in the mesencephalon; its fibers end mostly in the red nucleus and thalamus. Spinocerebellar fibers to the paleocerebellum lie adjacent to each peduncle. Formerly called rostral cerebellar peduncle.

p's of thalamus the four two-way radiations of thalamocortical fibers that connect the dorsal thalamus with many parts of the cerebral cortex, which together form a major portion of the internal capsule and the corona radiata.

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cerebral

pertaining to the cerebrum. See also brain.

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cerebral circulation

arterial blood supply reaches the anterior, middle and posterior cerebral arteries via the circle of Willis, in some species originating directly from the internal carotid and basilar arteries, in others via an interposed rete mirabile. See also blood-brain barrier, blood-CSF barrier, cerebrospinal fluid.

cerebral contusion

contusion of the brain following a head injury. See also cerebral contusion.

cerebral cortex

the convoluted layer of gray matter covering the cerebral hemispheres, which governs thought, memory, sensation and voluntary movement. See also brain, pyramidal tracts, extrapyramidal system.

cerebral cortical dysplasia

encompasses a range of disorders including neuronal heterotopia, microgyria, ulegyria, lissencephaly, pachygyria.

cerebral diencephalic syndrome

the clinical signs associated with lesions of the cerebral cortex and diencephalon. They include behavioral or mental change, abnormal movements such as circling and head pressing, deficits in contralateral postural responses and sometimes visual impairment.

cerebral dura mater

the membranous cover around the brain. Endosteal and meningeal layers are separated only by the cranial venous sinuses. Continuous with the spinal cord dura and the sheaths of the spinal nerves. Has three internal folds which separate sections of the brain. See falx cerebri, tentorium cerebelli, sella turcica.

cerebral edema, cytotoxic

caused by neurotoxins, this edema is intracellular.

cerebral edema, generalized

when all cerebral tissues are affected as in disturbances which create marked differences from normal of sodium and potassium ion concentration in tissues.

cerebral edema, interstitial

edema of the central white matter as in hydrocephalus affecting the brain and hydromyelia affecting the spinal cord.

cerebral edema, vasogenic

when the edema is intercellular and due usually to damage to the vascular endothelium.

cerebral flush

the congestion of the cerebral vessels causing a pink coloration; of infections by Babesia bovis and B. bigemina it is the former in which the cerebral flush occurs.

cerebral gyri

convolutions on the surface of the cerebrum.

cerebral hemisphere

symmetrical right and left halves of the cerebrum divided by the longitudinal fissure.

cerebral peduncle

see cerebral peduncle.

cerebral pia mater

thin connective tissue membrane that lies closely against the cerebral surface and carries blood vessels into the tissues of the brain.

cerebral piriform lobe

on the floor of the brain medial to the lateral olfactory tract.

cerebral pole

frontal (rostral) and occipital (caudal) poles of the cerebrum.

cerebral substantia nigra

occupies the interior of the cerebral peduncles.

cerebral syndrome

characterized by abnormal mental state, abnormal movements such as pacing or head pressing, visual impairment and seizures.

cerebral theileriosis

infection with Theileria parva or aberrant forms of T. taurotragi originating from the eland. Called also turning sickness.

cerebral vascular accident (CVA)

a disorder of the blood vessels serving the cerebrum, resulting from an impaired blood supply to parts of the brain. Called stroke in humans.

cerebral ventriculography

see ventriculography.

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peduncle

a stemlike connecting part, especially: (1) a collection of nerve fibers coursing between different regions in the central nervous system, or (2) the stalk by which a nonsessile tumor is attached to normal tissue.

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cerebellar p's

three pairs of thick, white fiber trunks that arise from the midbrain, pons and medulla and pass into the cerebellum.

cerebral peduncle

the ventral half of the midbrain, divisible into a dorsal part (tegmentum) and a ventral part (crus cerebri), which are separated by the substantia nigra.

peduncle disease

a disease of marine fish caused by the flexibacter Cytophaga psychrophila.

olfactory peduncle

caudal continuation of the olfactory bulb of the brain.

pineal peduncle

see habenula (2).