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cefprozil |
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cefprozil /cef·pro·zil/ (sef-pro´zil) a broad-spectrum, second-generation cephalosporin effective against a wide range of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria.
cefprozil Cefzil Pharmacologic class: Second-generation cephalosporin Therapeutic class: Anti-infective Pregnancy risk category B ActionInterferes with bacterial cell-wall synthesis and division by binding to cell wall, causing cell to die. Active against gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria, with expanded activity against gram-negative bacteria. Exhibits minimal immunosuppressant activity. AvailabilityPowder for suspension: 125 mg/5 ml, 250 mg/5 ml Tablets: 250 mg, 500 mg ⊘Indications and dosages ➣ Uncomplicated skin infections caused by Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes Adults and children ages 13 and older: 250 to 500 mg P.O. q 12 hours or 500 mg P.O. daily for 10 days ➣ Pharyngitis or tonsillitis caused by S. pyogenes Adults and children ages 13 and older: 500 mg P.O. daily for at least 10 days ➣ Acute bronchitis; acute bacterial chronic bronchitis caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, and Moraxella catarrhalis Adults and children ages 13 and older: 500 mg P.O. q 12 hours for 10 days ➣ Acute sinusitis caused by S. pneumoniae, H. influenzae, and M. catarrhalis Adults and children ages 13 and older: 250 mg P.O. q 12 hours for 10 days; for moderate to severe infections, 500 mg P.O. q 12 hours for 10 days Children ages 6 months to 12 years: 7.5 mg/kg P.O. q 12 hours for 10 days; for moderate to severe infections, 15 mg/kg P.O. q 12 hours for 10 days ➣ Otitis media caused by S. pneumoniae, H. influenzae, and M. catarrhalis Children ages 6 months to 12 years: 15 mg/kg P.O. q 12 hours for 10 days Dosage adjustment• Renal impairment Contraindications• Hypersensitivity to cephalosporins or penicillins PrecautionsUse cautiously in: Administration• Obtain specimens for culture and sensitivity testing as necessary before starting therapy.
Adverse reactionsCNS: headache, dizziness, drowsiness, hyperactivity, hypotonia, insomnia, confusion, seizures GI: nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain, dyspepsia, pseudomembranous colitis GU: hematuria, vaginal candidiasis, genital pruritus, renal dysfunction, toxic nephropathy Hematologic: eosinophilia, aplastic anemia, hemolytic anemia, hemorrhage, bone marrow depression, hypoprothrombinemia Hepatic: hepatic dysfunction Skin: toxic epidermal necrolysis, diaper rash, erythema multiforme, Stevens-Johnson syndrome Other: allergic reactions, carnitine deficiency, drug fever, superinfection, serum sickness-like reaction, anaphylaxis InteractionsDrug-drug. Aminoglycosides: increased risk of nephrotoxicity Antacids containing aluminum or magnesium, histamine2-receptor antagonists: increased cefprozil absorption Probenecid: decreased excretion and increased blood level of cefprozil Drug-diagnostic tests. Alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, aspartate aminotransferase, bilirubin, blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, eosinophils, gamma-glutamyltransferase, lactate dehydrogenase, white blood cells in urine: increased levels Blood glucose, Coombs' test, urine glucose tests using Benedict's solution: false-positive results Platelets, white blood cells: decreased counts Drug-food. Moderate- or high-fat meal: increased drug bioavailability Patient monitoring☞ Stay alert for life-threatening reactions, including anaphylaxis, serum sickness-like reaction, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, and pseudomembranous colitis. Patient teaching☞ Advise patient to immediately report rash, bleeding tendency, or CNS changes. How to thank TFD for its existence? Tell a friend about us, add a link to this page, add the site to iGoogle, or visit webmaster's page for free fun content. |
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[7] Some physicians prescribe broad-spectrum antibiotics, such as cefprozil or cefixime, which are aimed at a wide variety of microorganisms rather than just the bacteria likely to be responsible for ear infections; this practice increases the risk of bacteria developing resistance. Among the cephalosporins tested, the rank order of activity based on a comparison of MICs was ceftriaxone [is greater than] cefpodoxime = cefuroxime [is greater than] cefprozil [is greater than] cefixime [is greater than] cefaclor = loracarbef [is greater than] ceftibuten. It also won FDA ok for cefprozil in tablet and oral form, and oxydine in 3 doses including extended release. |
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