caudal anesthesia

anesthesia /an·es·the·sia/ (an″es-the´zhah)

1. loss of sensation, usually by damage to a nerve or receptor.

2. loss of the ability to feel pain, caused by administration of a drug or other medical intervention.

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basal anesthesia  narcosis produced by preliminary medication so that the inhalation of anesthetic necessary to produce surgical anesthesia is greatly reduced.

block anesthesia  regional a.

bulbar anesthesia  that due to a lesion of the pons.

caudal anesthesia  see under block.

closed circuit anesthesia  that produced by continuous rebreathing of a small amount of anesthetic gas in a closed system with an apparatus for removing carbon dioxide.

crossed anesthesia  see under hemianesthesia.

anesthesia doloro´sa  pain in an area or region that is anesthetic.

electric anesthesia  that induced by passage of an electric current.

endotracheal anesthesia  that produced by introduction of a gaseous mixture through a tube inserted into the trachea.

epidural anesthesia  that produced by injection of the anesthetic into the extradural space, either between the vertebral spines or into the sacral hiatus (caudal block).

general anesthesia  a state of unconsciousness and insusceptibility to pain, produced by administration of anesthetic agents by inhalation, intravenously, intramuscularly, rectally, or via the gastrointestinal tract.

infiltration anesthesia  local anesthesia produced by injection of the anesthetic solution in the area of terminal nerve endings.

inhalation anesthesia  that produced by the inhalation of vapors of a volatile liquid or gaseous anesthetic agent.

insufflation anesthesia  that produced by blowing a mixture of gases or vapors into the respiratory tract through a tube.

local anesthesia  that produced in a limited area, as by injection of a local anesthetic or by freezing with ethyl chloride.

lumbar epidural anesthesia  that produced by injection of the anesthetic into the epidural space at the second or third lumbar interspace.

muscular anesthesia  loss or lack of muscle sense.

open anesthesia  general inhalation anesthesia using a cone, without significant rebreathing of exhaled gases.

peripheral anesthesia  that due to changes in the peripheral nerves.

regional anesthesia  insensibility of a part induced by interrupting the sensory nerve conductivity of that region of the body; it may be produced by either field block or nerve block (see under block ).

sacral anesthesia  spinal anesthesia by injection of anesthetic into the sacral canal and about the sacral nerves.

saddle block anesthesia  see under block.

spinal anesthesia 

1. regional anesthesia by injection of a local anesthetic into the subarachnoid space around the spinal cord.

2. loss of sensation due to a spinal lesion.

surgical anesthesia  that degree of anesthesia at which operation may safely be performed.

tactile anesthesia  loss or impairment of the sense of touch.

topical anesthesia  that produced by application of a local anesthetic directly to the area involved, as to the oral mucosa or the cornea.

transsacral anesthesia  sacral a.

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caudal anesthesia

n.

Regional anesthesia by injection of a local anesthetic into the epidural space via the sacral hiatus.

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caudal anesthesia,

the injection of a local anesthetic agent into the caudal portion of the epidural space through the sacral hiatus to anesthetize sacral and lower lumbar nerve roots. Once popular in obstetrics, it is now rarely performed except in pediatric anesthesia. Complications of caudal anesthesia include infection, a high (5% to 10%) rate of failure, frequent neurologic complications, and hypotension. See also regional anesthesia.

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anesthesia

loss of feeling or sensation. Artificial anesthesia may be produced by a number of agents capable of bringing about partial or complete loss of sensation. It is induced to permit the performance of surgery or other painful procedures. See also anesthetic.

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balanced anesthesia

anesthesia that balances the depressing effects on the motor, sensory, reflex and mental aspects of nervous system function by the anesthetic agents. The philosophy encourages the use of several agents, each designed to affect one of the functions.

basal anesthesia

narcosis produced by preliminary medication so that the inhalation of anesthetic necessary to produce surgical anesthesia is greatly reduced.

block anesthesia

regional anesthesia. See also block.

caudal anesthesia

injection of an anesthetic into the sacral canal. See also caudal anesthesia.

central anesthesia

lack of sensation caused by disease of the nerve centers.

closed anesthesia

that produced by continuous rebreathing of a small amount of anesthetic gas in a closed system with an apparatus for removing carbon dioxide.

crossed anesthesia

loss of sensation on one side of the face and loss of pain and temperature sense on the opposite side of the body.

dissociated anesthesia, dissociation anesthesia

loss of perception of certain stimuli while that of others remains intact.

electric anesthesia

anesthesia induced by passage of an electric current.

endotracheal anesthesia

anesthesia produced by introduction of a gaseous mixture through a tube inserted into the trachea.

epidural anesthesia

see epidural anesthesia.

field block anesthesia

the anesthetic agent is injected around the boundaries of the area to be anesthetized, with no attempt to locate specific nerves.

frost anesthesia

abolition of feeling or sensation as a result of topical refrigeration produced by a jet of a highly volatile liquid.

general anesthesia

a state of unconsciousness produced by anesthestic agents, with absence of pain sensation over the entire body and a greater or lesser degree of muscular relaxation; the drugs producing this state can be administered by inhalation, intravenously, intramuscularly, or rectally, or via the gastrointestinal tract.

infiltration anesthesia

local anesthesia produced by injection of the anesthetic solution directly into the area of terminal nerve endings.

inhalation anesthesia

anesthesia produced by the respiration of a volatile liquid or gaseous anesthetic agent. Halothane, methoxyflurane, isoflurane, and a combination of nitrous oxide and oxygen are the common agents in veterinary use.

insufflation anesthesia

anesthesia produced by introduction of a gaseous mixture into the trachea through a slender tube.

intrasynovial anesthesia

injection of a local anesthetic agent into a joint or tendon sheath.

intrathecal anesthesia

introduction of local anesthetic agent into the spinal fluid by penetration of the spinal dura. Causes anesthesia in the tissues supplied by the nerves in the spinal cord zone that has been anesthetized. There is danger of injury to the cord and the technique is litte used in veterinary surgery. Called also subarachnoid, subdural or intradural anesthesia/analgesia.

intravenous anesthesia

the anesthetic agent, e.g. a barbiturate, is administered intravenously to effect. If an intravenous catheter is used, 'topping-up' amounts can also be administered as required.

intravenous regional anesthesia

see bier technique.

irreversible anesthesia

the loss of sensory and motor function of the part is permanent. The local injection of isopropyl alcohol has this effect.

local anesthesia

that produced in a limited area, as by injection of a local anesthetic or by freezing with ethyl chloride. Includes infiltration, nerve block, field block, surface, regional, retrograde regional, spinal, epidural.

mixed anesthesia

that produced by use of more than one anesthetic agent.

nerve block anesthesia

the anesthetic agent is deposited from a syringe and needle as close to the target nerve as possible. Several injections are often made if the landmarks for the location of the nerve are not outstanding.

obstetrical anesthesia

see obstetrical anesthesia.

open anesthesia

general inhalation anesthesia in which there is no rebreathing of the expired gases.

parasacral anesthesia

regional anesthesia produced by injection of a local anesthetic around the sacral nerves as they emerge from the sacral foramina.

paravertebral anesthesia

regional anesthesia produced by the injection of a local anesthetic around the spinal nerves at their exit from the spinal column, and outside the spinal dura.

parenteral anesthesia

anesthesia induced by the injection of the agent, either intravenously, intraperitoneally, subcutaneously or intramuscularly.

peripheral anesthesia

lack of sensation due to changes in the peripheral nerves.

permeation anesthesia

analgesia of a body surface produced by application of a local anesthetic, most commonly to the mucous membranes. Called also surface anesthesia.

rectal anesthesia

anesthesia produced by introduction of the anesthetic agent into the rectum.

refrigeration anesthesia

local anesthesia produced by applying a tourniquet and chilling the part to near freezing temperature. Called also cryoanesthesia.

regional anesthesia

insensibility caused by interrupting the sensory nerve conductivity of any region of the body: produced by (1) field block, encircling the operative field by means of injections of a local anesthetic; or (2) nerve block, making injections in close proximity to the nerves supplying the area.

saddle block anesthesia

the production of anesthesia in the region of the body corresponding roughly with the areas of the buttocks, perineum and inner aspects of the thighs, by introducing the anesthetic agent low in the dural sac.

segmental anesthesia

loss of sensation in a segment of the body due to a lesion of a nerve root.

spinal anesthesia

1. anesthesia due to a spinal lesion.

2. anesthesia produced by injection of the agent beneath the membrane of the spinal cord.

splanchnic anesthesia

block anesthesia for visceral operation by injection of the anesthetic agent into the region of the celiac ganglia.

subarachnoid anesthesia

see intrathecal anesthesia (above).

surface anesthesia

the application of a local anesthetic agent in solution, as in eye drops, or as a jelly, cream or ointment. The use of cold materials which freeze the superficial layers of skin is not much used in veterinary surgery. See also permeation anesthesia (above).

surgical anesthesia

that degree of anesthesia at which operation may safely be performed. There is muscular relaxation, and coordinated movements, consciousness and pain sensations disappear; many of the spinal neuromuscular reflexes are abolished.

topical anesthesia

that produced by application of a local anesthetic directly to the area involved.

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caudal

1. pertaining to a cauda.

2. situated more towards the cauda, or tail, than some specified reference point; toward the inferior (in humans) or hinder (in animals) end of the body. See also posterior.

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caudal anesthesia

a type of regional anesthesia in which the anesthetizing solution is injected into the caudal area of the spinal canal through the caudal end of the sacrum and tail. It affects the caudal nerve roots, and renders the cervix, vagina and perineum insensitive to pain.

caudal cervical instability

see wobbler syndrome. Called also caudal cervical malformation-malarticulation.

caudal cervical malformation/malarticulation

caudal cervical instability (see wobbler syndrome).

caudal fold test

the single intradermal (SID) fold tuberculin test for tuberculosis.

caudal impression of liver

the renal impression.

caudal sheath

part of the maturation process of spermatid to spermatozoa; a caudal sheath of microtubules develops at the caudal edge of the head cap. Called also manchette.

caudal tailfold

when the cow's tail is lifted there are two, rarely a single central, folds of skin from the edges of the ventral surface of the tail to beside the anus. The site of injection and a control for the single intradermal test. See also caudal fold test (above).

caudal tract

usually refers to the tubular part of the female genital tract.

caudal vena cava

see vena cava.

caudal vena caval thrombosis

thrombosis of the caudal vena cava arises from a hepatic abscess. The commonest result is the subsequent shedding of emboli and the development of a chronic pulmonary disease often terminated by massive pulmonary hemorrhage and bleeding to death through the mouth and nostrils. Others suffer a chronic course with anemia, dyspnea and persistent cough and are euthanatized because of cachexia and prolonged distress.