cardiac murmur

murmur /mur·mur/ (mur´mer) [L.] an auscultatory sound, particularly a periodic sound of short duration of cardiac or vascular origin.

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anemic murmur  a cardiac murmur heard in anemia.

aortic murmur  one generated by blood flowing through a diseased aorta or aortic valve.

arterial murmur  one over an artery, sometimes aneurysmal and sometimes constricted.

Austin Flint murmur  a presystolic murmur heard at the apex in aortic regurgitation.

cardiac murmur  one of finite length generated by turbulence of blood flow through the heart.

Carey Coombs murmur  a rumbling mid-diastolic murmur occurring in the active phase of rheumatic fever.

continuous murmur  a humming cardiac murmur heard throughout systole and diastole.

Cruveilhier-Baumgarten murmur  one heard at the abdominal wall over veins connecting the portal and caval systems.

diastolic murmurs  cardiac murmurs heard during diastole, usually due to semilunar valve regurgitation or to altered blood flow through atrioventricular valves.

Duroziez's murmur  a double murmur over the femoral or other large peripheral artery; due to aortic insufficiency.

ejection murmur  a type of systolic murmur usually heard in midsystole when ejection volume and velocity of blood flow are maximal, such as in aortic or pulmonary stenosis.

extracardiac murmur  one heard over the heart but originating from another structure.

friction murmur  see rub.

functional murmur  a cardiac murmur generated in the absence of organic cardiac disease.

Gibson murmur  a long, rumbling cardiac murmur heard for most of systole and diastole, usually in the second left interspace near the sternum, indicative of patent ductus arteriosus.

Graham Steell's murmur  one due to pulmonary regurgitation in patients with pulmonary hypertension and mitral stenosis.

heart murmur  cardiac m.

innocent murmur  functional m.

machinery murmur  Gibson m.

musical murmur  a cardiac murmur having a periodic harmonic pattern.

organic murmur  one due to a lesion in an organ, e.g., the heart, a vessel, or a lung.

pansystolic murmur  a regurgitant murmur heard throughout systole.

pericardial murmur  see under rub.

prediastolic murmur  a cardiac murmur heard just before and with diastole; due to mitral obstruction, or to aortic or pulmonary regurgitation.

presystolic murmur  a cardiac murmur heard just before ventricular ejection, usually associated with atrial contraction and the acceleration of blood flow through a narrowed atrioventricular valve.

pulmonic murmur  one due to disease of the pulmonary valve or artery.

regurgitant murmur  one due to regurgitation of blood through an abnormal valvular orifice.

seagull murmur  a raucous murmur with musical qualities, such as that heard occasionally in aortic insufficiency.

Still's murmur  a low-frequency, vibratory or buzzing, functional cardiac murmur of childhood, heard in midsystole.

systolic murmurs  cardiac murmurs heard during systole; usually due to mitral or tricuspid regurgitation or to aortic or pulmonary obstruction.

to-and-fro murmur  a friction rub heard in both systole and diastole.

vascular murmur  one heard over a blood vessel.

vesicular murmur  vesicular breath sounds.

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cardiac murmur

n.

A murmur produced within the heart.

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cardiac murmur,

an abnormal sound heard during auscultation of the heart, caused by altered blood flow into a chamber or through a valve. A murmur is classified by the quality of the sound, its time of occurrence during the cardiac cycle, its duration, and its intensity on a scale of I to VI. Also noted are the part of the heart over which the murmur is heard and any parts to which it radiates. In certain age groups, many systolic murmurs are benign and of no significance, whereas others signal a cardiac disorder. Diastolic murmurs are always pathologic. Also called heart murmur.

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murmur [mer´mer]

an auscultatory sound, benign or pathologic, loud or soft, particularly a periodic sound of short duration of cardiac or vascular origin.

aortic murmur a sound indicative of disease of the aortic valve.

apex murmur (apical murmur) a heart murmur heard over the apex of the heart.

arterial murmur one in an artery, sometimes aneurysmal and sometimes constricted.

Austin Flint murmur a loud presystolic murmur at the apex heard when aortic regurgitation is preventing the mitral valve from closing; called also Flint's murmur.

blood murmur one due to an abnormal, commonly anemic, condition of the blood. Called also hemic murmur.

cardiac murmur heart murmur.

cardiopulmonary murmur one produced by the impact of the heart against the lung.

continuous murmur a humming heart murmur heard throughout systole and diastole.

crescendo murmur one marked by progressively increasing loudness that suddenly ceases.

Cruveilhier-Baumgarten murmur one heard at the abdominal wall over veins connecting the portal and caval systems.

diastolic murmur a heart murmur heard at diastole, due to mitral obstruction or to aortic or pulmonic regurgitation with forward flow across the atrioventricular valve; it has a rumbling quality.

Duroziez's murmur a double murmur during systole and diastole, palpated over the femoral or another large peripheral artery; due to aortic insufficiency.

ejection murmur a systolic murmur heard predominantly in midsystole, when ejection volume and velocity of blood flow are at their maximum; it is produced by ejection of blood into the pulmonary artery and aorta.

Flint's murmur Austin Flint murmur.

friction murmur friction rub.

functional murmur a heart murmur occurring in the absence of structural changes in the heart, usually due to high cardiac output states. Called also innocent murmur and physiologic murmur.

Gibson murmur a long rumbling sound occupying most of systole and diastole, usually localized in the second left interspace near the sternum, and usually indicative of patent ductus arteriosus. Called also machinery murmur.

Graham Steell murmur a high-pitched diastolic murmur due to pulmonic regurgitation in patients with pulmonary hypertension and mitral stenosis.

heart murmur see heart murmur.

hemic murmur blood murmur.

innocent murmur functional murmur.

machinery murmur Gibson murmur.

mitral murmur a heart murmur due to disease of the mitral valve; it can be either obstructive or regurgitant.

musical murmur one that has a periodic harmonic pattern; it may be either a heart murmur or a vascular murmur.

organic murmur one due to a lesion in the organ or organ system being examined, e.g., in the heart, in a blood vessel, or in lung tissue.

pansystolic murmur a regurgitant murmur heard throughout systole, due to blood flow between two chambers normally of very different pressures in systole; the most common causes are mitral regurgitation, tricuspid regurgitation, and ventricular septal defects.

physiologic murmur functional murmur.

prediastolic murmur one occurring just before and with diastole, due to aortic regurgitation or pulmonic regurgitation.

presystolic murmur one shortly before the onset of ventricular ejection, usually associated with a narrowed atrioventricular valve.

pulmonic murmur one due to disease of the pulmonary valve or artery.

regurgitant murmur a heart murmur due to a dilated valvular orifice with consequent valvular regurgitation.

seagull murmur a raucous murmur resembling the call of a seagull, frequently heard in aortic stenosis or mitral regurgitation.

Still's murmur a functional heart murmur of childhood, with a buzzing or vibratory tone heard in midsystole; it usually disappears by puberty.

systolic murmur a heart murmur heard at systole, usually due to mitral or tricuspid regurgitation or to aortic or pulmonary obstruction.

to-and-fro murmur a friction sound or murmur heard with both systole and diastole.

tricuspid murmur a heart murmur caused by disease of the tricuspid valve; it may be either obstructive or regurgitant.

vascular murmur one heard over a blood vessel.

vesicular murmur vesicular breath sounds.

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murmur,

n a humming or blowing sound heard on auscultation.

murmur, aortic,

a murmur resulting from insufficiency of the aortic valve secondary to involvement by rheumatic fever or tertiary syphilis.

murmur, apical diastolic,

n a murmur heard over the apex of the heart and caused by mitral stenosis, relative mitral stenosis, or aortic insufficiency.

murmur, apical systolic,

n a murmur heard at the apex of the heart in systole and caused by mitral insufficiency, which may result from rheumatic heart disease, or by relative mitral insufficiency, which may result from congestive heart failure associated with arteriosclerosis or hypertension. It may also have a functional basis.

murmur, basal diastolic,

n a murmur heard over the base of the heart and caused by aortic insufficiency resulting from rheumatic heart disease or syphilis, relative aortic insufficiency associated with diastolic hypertension, or a patent ductus arteriosus.

murmur, basal systolic,

n a murmur heard over the base of the heart and caused by aortic stenosis resulting from rheumatic heart disease or by relative stenosis of the aortic valve resulting from aortic dilation secondary to arteriosclerosis or hypertension. It may also be functional or may result from congenital heart or vascular defects.

murmur, cardiac,

n (heart murmur), an abnormal sound heard in the region of the heart at any time during the heart's cycle. They may be named according to the area of generation (mitral, aortic, pulmonary, or tricuspid) and according to the period of the cycle (diastolic or systolic).

murmur, functional,

n (innocent murmur, inorganic murmur), a murmur resulting from the position of the body, severe anemia, or polycythemia. Not related to structural changes in the heart.

murmur, heart,

n See murmur, cardiac.

murmur, innocent,

n See murmur, functional.

murmur, inorganic,

n See murmur, functional.

murmur, mitral,

n a heart murmur produced by a defect in the mitral valve. It is the most common form of murmur in rheumatic heart disease.

murmur, organic,

n a murmur resulting from structural changes in the heart or in the great vessels of the heart.

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cardiac

1. pertaining to the heart. See also heart.

2. pertaining to the gastric cardia.

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cardiac afterload

the impedance to ventricular emptying presented by aortic pressure.

cardiac area

see precordium.

cardiac biopsy

an uncommon clinical procedure. May be performed via thoracotomy or with a biopsy catheter introduced intravenously.

cardiac catheterization

the insertion of a catheter into a vein or artery and guiding it into the interior of the heart for purposes of measuring cardiac output, determining the oxygen content of blood in the heart chambers, and evaluating the structural components of the heart.

cardiac compensation

in cardiac disease the compensation for the inefficiency of the heart's pump action by enlisting the various reserves of the heart such as hypertrophy, enlargement, increase in rate, so as to maintain circulatory equilibrium and prevent the appearance of signs of congestive heart failure.

cardiac compression

an emergency measure to empty the ventricles of the heart in an effort to circulate the blood, and also to stimulate the heart so that it will resume its pumping action. Involves the application of pressure through the thoracic wall. More commonly used in animals than other forms of cardiac massage.

cardiac conducting cells

specialized cardiac fibers modified to conduct impulses from the A-V node via the septum to the ventricles. Called also Purkinje fibers.

cardiac conducting system

the cardiac tissue responsible for electrical conduction, made up of the sinoatrial node, the atrioventricular node, and the atrioventricular bundle and cardiac conducting fibers.

cardiac depressor nerve

a branch of the vagus nerve composed of afferent nerve fibers which arise around the base of the heart; called also aortic nerve.

cardiac dilatation

the heart volume is increased but the effective mass of cardiac muscle is not. A dilated heart has lost some of its reserve.

cardiac dullness

the area of the chest wall over which a dull sound, indicating the position of the heart, can be elicited by percussion.

cardiac failure

see heart failure.

cardiac fibrillation

see ventricular fibrillation.

cardiac fibrosis

see cardiac cirrhosis.

cardiac flow load

the work required of the heart can be increased by a need for an increased flow rate of blood, e.g. when there is an anastomosis, congenital arteriovenous defect, portosystemic shunt.

cardiac function curves

statistical curves used in modeling the cardiovascular functions, relating e.g. venous return to cardiac output.

cardiac glands

in the cardiac region of the gastric wall; branched, tubular, coiled, mucus-secreting.

cardiac glycosides

the glycosides of Digitalis purpurea (digitoxin, gitalin and gitoxin) and digoxin (from D. lanata). Strophanthin and ouabain are glycosides found in Strophanthus spp. Other cardiac glycosides are present in the skin of toads (Bufo maritimus, B. vulgaris), but are of toxicological rather than therapeutic interest.

cardiac horse sickness

see african horse sickness.

cardiac hypertrophy

enlargement of the heart coincident with an increase in muscle mass; an indication of response to an increase in load which may or may not be associated with disease. It is an expression of cardiac compensation but some of the cardiac reserve has been lost.

cardiac impulse

see cardiac impulse. Called also apex beat.

cardiac index

cardiac output divided by the animal's body surface area in m². The normal range for dogs is 1.8-3.5 l/m².

left-sided cardiac enlargement

may involve either the left ventricle or atrium, or both, and can be demonstrated on radiographs and electrocardiography. Seen most commonly in mitral valvular disease in dogs.

cardiac massage

manual massage of the heart or stimulation with an electrical current through an open thoracic wall. The term is sometimes used interchangeably with cardiac compression.

cardiac mucosa

the most cranial of the gastric mucosae; secretes only mucus, except in pigs, in which the area covered by this mucosa is much larger than in the other species and bicarbonate is also secreted.

cardiac murmur

see heart murmur.

cardiac output

the volume of blood pumped per unit of time. May be calculated by oxygen consumption measurement or determined by dilution of indocyanine green or cold saline, using catheters with thermistors placed intravenously (thermodilution method). It can be estimated clinically by measuring heart rate, pulse quality or pressure, and assessment of tissue perfusion, e.g. capillary refill time.

cardiac pacing

employing cardiac pacemakers to control heart rate.

cardiac preload

ventricular end-diastolic volume.

cardiac pressure load

the stress of working against an elevated blood pressure in the arterial circuit; one of the two major groups of causes of heart disease; the other is flow load.

cardiac racing syndrome

a disease of companion birds manifested by a sudden increase in heart rate, up to 1000/min, in the period immediately after being restrained. Death occurs within a few seconds.

cardiac reserve

the reserve mechanisms in the heart to compensate for defects which could make the heart's pumping action ineffective. The reserve mechanisms include hypertrophy, enlargement, increase in heart rate and an increase in stroke volume, a result of the increase in muscle mass and the enlargement of the ventricles.

right-sided cardiac enlargement

may involve either the right ventricle or atrium. Occurs in heartworm disease in dogs.

cardiac rupture

penetration of the myocardium by a reticular foreign body in cows, or rupture of a patch of chronic fibrotic myocarditis in horses, causes cardiac tamponade and sudden death.

cardiac size

may increase as a result of hypertrophy, dilatation or a combination of the two. A common belief with some scientific support is that performance of horses in sprint races is closely related to heart size.

cardiac stroke volume

the amount of blood ejected with each systole.

cardiac thrill

see thrill.

cardiac valve fenestration

the valve surface is incomplete, creating a lattice effect; mostly congenital defects in foals.

cardiac valve hematocysts

congenital, blood-filled cysts on the atrioventricular valves considered to be of no pathogenic significance.

cardiac valve laceration

tearing of the valve tissue or attachment to myocardium may occur spontaneously or as a sequel to endocarditis; adds a significant additional flow load to the heart.

cardiac valve rupture

see cardiac valve laceration (above).

cardiac valves

heart valves formed by evaginations of the cardiac and vascular endothelium supported by connective tissue; includes atrioventricular and semilunar valves on both sides of the heart.

cardiac valvular disease

see valvular disease.

cardiac vascular shunts

includes patent foramen ovale, ventricular septal defect, tetralogy of Fallot, patent ductus arteriosus.

cardiac work

includes effective work—that needed for the onward propulsion of blood through the correct channels against arterial pressure, total work—includes all of the work performed by the heart including some involved in moving blood in the wrong direction.

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murmur

an auscultatory sound, particularly a periodic sound of short duration of cardiac or vascular origin.

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anemic murmur

see blood murmur (below).

aortic murmur

a sound indicative of disease of the aortic valve.

apex murmur

one heard over the apex of the heart.

arterial murmur

one in an artery, sometimes aneurysmal and sometimes constricted.

blood murmur

one due to an abnormal, commonly anemic, condition of the blood. Called also anemic murmur.

cardiac murmur

see heart murmur (below).

cardiopulmonary murmur

one produced by the impact of the heart against the lung.

continuous murmur

a humming murmur heard throughout systole and diastole.

crescendo murmur

one marked by progressively increasing loudness.

crescendo-decrescendo murmur

one with increasing intensity until mid- to late systole, then a decreasing intensity, giving a diamond-shaped tracing on phonocardiography. Characteristic of pulmonary stenosis.

decrescendo murmur

one with an intensity that gradually decreases. Heard during diastole in aortic or pulmonary valvular insufficiency.

diamond-shaped murmur

refers to the phonocardiographic tracing of a crescendo-decrescendo murmur.

diastolic murmur

one at diastole, due to mitral obstruction or to aortic or pulmonary regurgitation.

ejection murmur

systolic murmur heard predominantly in mid-systole, when ejection volume and velocity of blood flow are at their maximum.

friction murmur

friction rub.

functional murmur

a cardiac murmur occurring in the absence of structural changes in the heart.

heart murmur

any adventitious sound heard over the region of the heart. It may indicate a leaking or stenotic valve, a congenital patency between the right and left sides of the heart, or be a functional murmur which does not indicate cardiac disease. These occur in young foals, some of them disappear before maturity.

hemic murmur

see blood murmur (above).

innocent murmur

one caused by increased velocity of blood rather than a cardiac lesion.

machinery murmur, machinery-like murmur

a long, rumbling sound occupying most of systole and diastole. Characteristic of patent ductus arteriosus and arteriovenous fistulas.

mitral murmur

one due to disease of the mitral valve.

musical murmur

a cardiac murmur having a periodic harmonic pattern.

organic murmur

one due to structural change in the heart.

pansystolic murmur

one heard throughout systole.

prediastolic murmur

one occurring just before and with diastole, due to mitral obstruction or to aortic or pulmonary regurgitation.

presystolic murmur

one occurring shortly before the onset of ventricular ejection, usually associated with a narrowed atrioventricular valve.

pulmonary murmur

one due to disease of the valves of the pulmonary artery.

radiating heart murmur

one which is heard over a wider area or over another area. The systolic murmur of subaortic stenosis radiates up the aortic arch and carotid arteries. It can be heard over the right, as well as left, heart base and occasionally over the head.

regurgitant murmur

one due to a dilated valvular orifice, with consequent regurgitation of blood through the valve.

seagull murmur

a raucous murmur resembling the call of a seagull, frequently heard in aortic insufficiency.

systolic murmur

one occurring at systole, usually due to mitral or tricuspid regurgitation, or to aortic or pulmonary obstruction.

tricuspid murmur

one caused by disease of the tricuspid valve.

vascular murmur

one heard over a blood vessel.

vesicular murmur

the normal breath sounds heard over the lungs.

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Patient discussion about cardiac murmur.

Q. What is a Heart Murmur? My friend told me that some people have a heart murmor and it is normal. Is that possible? What is a heart murmur?

A. A heart murmur is a sound that is created by inadequate blood flow through the heart and its large vessels, for example the aorta. Some are born with a heart murmur and further testing doesn't reveal any significant problem. This is called a physiological murmur.
http://www.5min.com/Video/What-is-Innocent-Heart-Murmur-5501

Q. How are Heart Murmurs Classified? What are the characteristics of different heart murmurs?

A. Murmurs can be classified by different characteristics: timing, shape, location, radiation, intensity and more. Timing refers to whether the murmur is a systolic or diastolic murmur. Shape refers to the intensity over time. Location refers to where the heart murmur is auscultated best. The general rule of thumb is that the sound radiates in the direction of the blood flow. Intensity refers to the loudness of the murmur, and is graded on a scale from 0-6/6.