bacterial arthritis

arthritis (ärthrī´tis),

n any of a number of types of inflammation of a joint or joints.

arthritis, allergic,

n an arthralgia, swelling, and stiffness of joints associated with food and drug allergies and serum sickness.

arthritis, atrophic,

n See arthritis, rheumatoid.

arthritis, bacterial,

n See arthritis, infective.

arthritis, hypertrophic

n See osteoarthritis.

arthritis, infective,

n (bacterial arthritis), a primary and secondary bacterial infection of the joints (e.g., by staphylococcal, gonococcal, streptococcal, or pneumococcal organisms).

arthritis, rheumatic

n an acute polyarticular and migratory arthritis of unknown cause but assumed to be related to group A streptococcal infection of the upper respiratory tract.

arthritis, rheumatoid

n a chronic destructive inflammation of the joints due to an autoimmunity with unknown etiology, with associated systemic manifestations such as weakness, weight loss, anemia, leukopenia, splenomegaly, lymphadenopathy, and the formation of subcutaneous nodules. Chronic synovitis and regressive changes in the articular cartilage occur with pain, swelling, deformity, limitation of motion, and occasionally ankylosis of the joints. Small joints are principally affected, with onset in the third or fourth decade of life.

arthritis, senile,

n an arthritis occurring in persons of advanced age.

arthritis, specific infectious,

n an arthritis caused by direct invasion and subsequent infection of joint structures by microorganisms from the bloodstream. Nearly all pathogenic bacteria have been isolated as etiologic agents.

arthritis, traumatic,

n an acute or chronic inflammation of a joint as a result of acute or chronic injury.

Arthrobacter,

n a genus of a strictly aerobic gram-positive bacteria found in soil and present in dental caries.

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arthritis

inflammation of a joint. See also arthropathy, polyarthritis.

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bacterial arthritis

arises from penetrating wounds, extension from adjacent tissues or by hematogenous spread, especially umbilical infection in the newborn. More common in farm animals than dogs and cats. Some specific causes are erysipelas in pigs and sheep, Streptococcus spp. in pigs, calves and lambs, coliforms in calves, Haemophilus spp. in pigs (Glasser's disease) and lambs, Arcanobacterium spp. in lambs, and Chlamydophila pecorum in calves and lambs.

corynebacterial arthritis

a nonsuppurative arthritis and bursitis of lambs caused by Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis.

crystal-induced arthritis

see gout, pseudogout.

deforming arthritis

see erosive arthritis (below).

degenerative arthritis

see degenerative joint disease.

drug-induced arthritis

a number of antibiotics, particularly sulfonamide-trimethoprin, may cause an immune-mediated arthritis and other clinical signs, including glomerulonephritis, polymyositis and thrombocytopenia.

enteropathic arthritis

arthritis of unknown etiology, but associated with bowel disease such as ulcerative colitis and regional enteritis in humans. A similar condition has been recognized in dogs.

erosive arthritis

characterized by the erosion of articular cartilage and destruction of subchondral bone which is dramatically demonstrated radiographically. Generally these are the immune-mediated joint diseases and include canine rheumatoid arthritis (below), polyarthritis in Greyhounds, feline chronic progressive polyarthritis. Called also deforming arthritis.

erysipelas arthritis

occurs sporadically in calves, more commonly in lambs and as a major disease in pigs. In all species it is an acute or chronic, nonsuppurative arthritis.

fibrinous arthritis

the acute inflammatory stage of most infectious arthritides. The joint fluid is increased in volume and is turbid and mucinous, the fibrin appearing as a particulate deposit on the serous surface.

idiopathic nondeforming arthritis

occurs in dogs and uncommonly in cats in the absence of systemic lupus erythematosus or chronic infectious systemic disease. It may involve one or several joints with fever, lameness and muscle atrophy. The disease may be chronic and cyclic with spontaneous remissions and recurrences. Presumed to be immune-mediated.

immune-mediated arthritis

noninfectious joint disease involving immune mechanisms. Seen mainly in dogs and cats. See also nonerosive arthritis (below).

infectious arthritis

may be caused by bacteria, mycoplasma, virus, fungus, rickettsiae, or protozoa in the joint only or as part of systemic infection.

lymphocytic-plasmacytic arthritis

see lymphocytic-plasmacytic synovitis.

mycoplasma arthritis

Mycoplasma hyosynoviae and M. hyorhinis cause arthritis in pigs, the former with an accompanying polyserositis.

neonatal arthritis

localization from a systemic infection in the joints causing septic arthritis, often in several joints, and infection in other vulnerable organs. Neonatal susceptibility is due to availability of the umbilical vessels as a port of entry and an inadequate defense until maternal antibodies provide passive immunity. Called also navel ill, omphalitis.

nonerosive arthritis

includes those without significant radiographic changes. Includes the arthritis that occurs in association with canine systemic lupus erythematosus and chronic systemic infections, enteropathic arthritis and idiopathic nondeforming arthritis.

persistent proliferative arthritis

see periosteal proliferative polyarthritis.

retroviral arthritis

the arthritis of goats caused by a retrovirus. The syndrome also includes encephalitis and pneumonia. Called also big-knee. See also caprine arthritis-encephalitis.

rheumatoid arthritis (RA)

a chronic, autoimmune disease of dogs that causes swelling and lameness in joints, often accompanied by systemic signs of fever, malaise and lymphadenopathy. The erosive, destructive changes in joints can be demonstrated on x-rays. The disease is similar to that described in humans and the diagnosis is usually based on satisfying criteria used for humans.

septic arthritis

acute arthritis due to infection of a kind likely to establish a bacteremia or septicemia.

traumatic arthritis

may be caused by trauma that penetrates the joint capsule, introducing infectious agents and resulting in an infectious arthritis, or injures articular cartilage or soft tissues supporting the joint.

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bacterial arthritis

Pyogenic arthritis Rheumatology An acute arthropathy characterized by painful swelling of a joint, fever, ↑ WBCs, local heat and inability to move the joint; early, the joint is distended with pus, which may be accompanied by aseptic necrosis of subchondral bone; if untreated, the synovial space may be replaced by granulation tissue and fibrosis, resulting in bony ankylosis Agents Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, Gonococcus.