kidney /kid·ney/ (kid´ne) either of the two organs in the lumbar region that filter the blood, excreting the end-products of body metabolism in the form of urine, and regulating the concentrations of hydrogen, sodium, potassium, phosphate, and other ions in the extracellular fluid.
Kidney
kidney
kidney,
kidney
Patient discussion about artificial kidney dialysis.
abdominal kidney an ectopic kidney just above the iliac crest.
amyloid kidney one with renal amyloidosis.
artificial kidney an extracorporeal device through which blood may be circulated for removal of elements that normally are excreted in the urine; a hemodialyzer.
cake kidney a solid, irregularly lobed organ of bizarre shape, formed by fusion of the two renal anlagen.
cicatricial kidney a shriveled, irregular, and scarred kidney due to suppurative pyelonephritis.
fatty kidney one with fatty degeneration.
flea-bitten kidney one with scattered petechiae on its surface.
floating kidney nephroptosis.
fused kidney a single anomalous organ developed as a result of fusion of the renal anlagen.
head kidney pronephros.
horseshoe kidney an anomaly in which the right and left kidneys are linked at one end by tissue.
hypermobile kidney nephroptosis.
lumbar kidney an ectopic kidney found opposite the sacral promontory in the iliac fossa, anterior to the iliac vessels.
lump kidney cake k.
medullary sponge kidney a usually asymptomatic, congenital condition in which small cystic dilatations of the collecting tubules of the renal medulla give the kidney a spongy feeling and appearance.
middle kidney mesonephros.
pelvic kidney an ectopic kidney found opposite the sacrum and below the aortic bifurcation.
polycystic kidneys see polycystic kidney disease, under disease.
primordial kidney pronephros.
sigmoid kidney an anomaly in which the two kidneys are fused in the form of a capital Greek letter sigma.
sponge kidney medullary sponge k.
thoracic kidney an ectopic kidney that protrudes above the diaphragm into the posterior mediastinum.
waxy kidney amyloid k.
kid·ney (k d n )n. pl. kid·neys Either of a pair of organs in the dorsal region of the vertebrate abdominal cavity, functioning to maintain proper water and electrolyte balance, regulate acid-base concentration, and filter the blood of metabolic wastes, which are then excreted as urine. |   cutaway view of kidney |
Kidney
Either of two organs in the lumbar region that filter the blood, excreting the end products of the body's metabolism in the form of urine and regulating the concentrations of hydrogen, sodium, potassium, phosphate and other ions in the body.
Mentioned in: Polycystic Kidney Disease
kidney
Etymology: ME, kidnere
one of a pair of bean-shaped, purplish brown urinary organs in the dorsal part of the abdomen, located on each side of the vertebral column between the twelfth thoracic and third lumbar vertebrae. In most individuals the right kidney is slightly lower than the left. Each kidney is about 11 cm long, 6 cm wide, and 2.5 cm thick. In the newborn the kidneys are about three times as large in proportion to the body weight as in the adult. The kidneys filter the blood and eliminate wastes in the urine through a complex filtration network and resorption system comprising more than 2 million nephrons. The nephrons are composed of glomeruli and renal tubules that filter blood under high pressure, removing urea, salts, and other soluble wastes from blood plasma and returning the purified filtrate to the blood. More than 1183 L of blood pass through the kidneys every day, entering the kidneys through the renal arteries and leaving through the renal veins. All the blood in the body passes through the kidneys about 20 times every hour, but only about one fifth of the blood volume is routed through the nephrons. The kidneys remove water as urine and return water that has been filtered to the blood plasma, thus helping to maintain the water balance of the body. Hormones produced by the pituitary gland, especially the antidiuretic hormone, control the function of the kidneys in regulating the water-electrolyte balance of the body.
kidney,
n one of a pair of bean-shaped urinary organs in the dorsal part of the abdomen, one on each side of the vertebral column. The kidneys filter the blood and produce and eliminate urine. They use a complex filtration network and reabsorption system made up of nephrons, the functional unit of the organ. They also regulate the concentrations of hydrogen, sodium, potassium, phosphate, and other ions in the extracellular fluid. Diseases of the kidneys can lead to xerostomia, periodontal disease, and inflammation of the oral cavity and salivary glands. Medications may also need to be adjusted in these cases.
kidney dialysis, artificial,
n a treatment used in patients with kidney failure. It performs the same function of normal kidneys, removing salts, waste products, and excess water. There are two types, peritoneal and hemodialysis.
kidney failure,
n a disease in which the patient's kidney(s) fail to work properly, resulting in their inability to remove excess fluid and waste material from the blood. There are two types, acute and chronic.
kidney failure, acute,
n a form of kidney disease that is more likely to occur in hospitalized patients whose health is already compromised by complicated surgery, injury to the kidney, or decreased blood flow to the kidney. Patients with acute kidney failure often can undergo intensive treatment and recover from the disease.
kidney failure, chronic,
n a gradual, progressive form of kidney disease that often results from high blood pressure (hypertension) or diabetes.
kidney
either of the two organs in the lumbar region that filter the blood, excreting the end-products of body metabolism in the form of urine, and regulating the concentrations of hydrogen, sodium, potassium, phosphate and other ions in the extracellular fluid. Bean-shaped in the dog, cat, sheep and laboratory animals, lobed in the ox and some fetal animals such as the horse; irregularly lobed in birds. See also renal.
)
Dog kidney. By permission from Sack W, Wensing CJG, Dyce KM, Textbook of Veterinary Anatomy, Saunders, 2002
artificial kidney
an extracorporeal device used as a substitute for nonfunctioning kidneys to remove endogenous metabolites from the blood, or as an emergency measure to remove exogenous poisons such as barbiturates. Called also hemodialyzer.
balloon kidney
meat hygiene term for cystic kidney.
basal lamina kidney
part of the filtration barrier of the kidney; is much thicker than most basal laminae.
cake kidney
a solid, irregularly lobed organ of bizarre shape, formed by fusion of the two renal anlagen. Called also lump kidney.
cicatricial kidney
a shriveled, irregular and scarred kidney due to suppurative pyelonephritis.
contracted kidney
an atrophic kidney that may be scarred and granular.
duplicate kidney
occurs in most species, without apparent increase in total renal mass.
enlarged kidney
may be due to polycystic kidney disease, hydronephrosis, pyelonephritis or congenital absence of one kidney resulting in hypertrophy of the other.
fatty kidney
one affected with fatty degeneration.
floating kidney
one that is freely movable, especially a human kidney (normally more firmly fixed than those in quadrupeds); called also hypermobile kidney. See also nephroptosis.
)
Bovine kidney. By permission from Sack W, Wensing CJG, Dyce KM, Textbook of Veterinary Anatomy, Saunders, 2002
fused kidney
a single anomalous organ developed as a result of fusion of the renal anlagen.
giant kidney worm
dioctophymerenale.
Goldblatt kidney
one with obstruction of its blood flow, resulting in renal hypertension. Produced experimentally in dogs.
horseshoe kidney
an anomalous organ resulting from fusion of the corresponding poles of the renal anlagen.
hypermobile kidney
one that is freely movable; called also floating kidney. See also nephroptosis.
lump kidney
cake kidney.
kidney meridian points
acupuncture points on the kidney meridian.
pelvic kidney
a kidney which has failed to ascend from its primordial site to the roof of the abdomen.
polycystic kidney disease
the most common congenital renal defect but most cases are sporadic and do not cause clinical illness because there is still sufficient renal mass to avoid uremia. In some cases the enlarged kidney is detected incidentally during a clinical examination. Rarely both kidneys are badly involved and the animal is dead at birth or dies soon afterwards. In some cases, there are signs of progressive renal failure, perhaps not until later in life. The defect is inherited in Persian cats, Cairn terriers and pigs. In Cairn terriers, cysts may also occur in the liver. See also feline perirenal cysts.
pulpy kidney disease
see Clostridium perfringensenterotoxemia.
kidney scan
radioimaging of a kidney by the use of a rectilinear scanner after the intravenous administration of a radiopaque material.
kidney stones
see urolithiasis.
supernumerary kidney
additional kidneys which develop as a consequence of two ureteric buds arising from one mesonephric duct so that two kidneys develop on the one side.
kidney transplant
commonly and successfully performed in experimental dogs. Increasingly used as a therapeutic procedure in clinical veterinary medicine for renal failure in cats and dogs.
turkey egg kidney
a speckled pattern caused by hemorrhagic glomeruli in diseases such as porcine erysipelas.
wandering kidney
floating or hypermobile kidney. See also nephroptosis.
waxy kidney
amyloid kidney.
white-spotted kidney
focal nonsuppurative interstitial nephritis, seen most commonly in calves.
kidney
See Cake kidney, Goldblatt kidney, Horseshoe kidney, Large white kidney, Polycystic kidney, Rat-bitten kidney.
Patient discussion about artificial kidney dialysis.
Q. Would kidney stones affect a PSA reading? Would drinking lots of grapefruit juice affect a PSA reading? My husband's PSA reading jumped from a 4.2 to a 17 in @ 2 years' time. How can that be? This man takes all sorts of supplements and really watches his diet. He also takes good care of his body, and does NOT look or act 68.
A. You should get your parathyroid gland checked out. Your calcium level might be causing the kidney stones.
Q. Has anyone out there taken the new drug Velcade?????? I've just started a JNJ Valcade trial and wonder if anyone out there has any experience this chemo treatment.
A. my mother has Multiple Myeloma. she tried Thalimide so and it worked for 18 months. Velcade had just been approved and we felt there must be a guardian angel watching my mom because it worked wonders for 2 years. her side effects were only constipation and neuropathy. her cell count went up and she is still taking it.
Q. I have chronic pancreatitus, and my doctor cannot figure out why my pain is in my kidney area (right flank)? Does anybody know why that is?
A. Pancreatic pain can sometimes cause refferred pain to the waist and back in a "belt-shape" form. This is due to the nerve supply to the pancreas and its origin. I would also recommend to get an ultrasound of the kidney just to make sure there is no pathology there.
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