alveolar carcinoma

carcinoma /car·ci·no·ma/ (kahr″sĭ-no´mah) pl. carcinomas, carcino´mata   a malignant new growth made up of epithelial cells tending to infiltrate surrounding tissues and to give rise to metastases.

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acinar carcinoma , acinic cell carcinoma, acinous carcinoma a slow-growing malignant tumor with acinic cells in small glandlike structures, usually in the pancreas or salivary glands.

adenocystic carcinoma , adenoid cystic carcinoma cylindroma; carcinoma marked by cylinders or bands of hyaline or mucinous stroma separating or surrounded by nests or cords of small epithelial cells, occurring particularly in the salivary glands.

adenosquamous carcinoma 

1. adenoacanthoma.

2. a diverse category of bronchogenic carcinoma, with areas of glandular, squamous, and large-cell differentiation.

adnexal carcinoma  that arising from, or forming structures resembling, the cutaneous appendages, particularly the sweat or sebaceous glands.

adrenocortical carcinoma  a malignant adrenal cortical tumor that can cause endocrine disorders such as Cushing's syndrome or adrenogenital syndrome.

alveolar carcinoma  bronchioloalveolar c.

ameloblastic carcinoma  a type of ameloblastoma in which malignant epithelial transformation has occurred, with metastases usually resembling squamous cell carcinoma.

apocrine carcinoma 

1. carcinoma of an apocrine gland.

2. a rare breast malignancy with a ductal or acinar growth pattern and apocrine secretions.

basal cell carcinoma  an epithelial tumor of the skin that seldom metastasizes but has the potential for local invasion and destruction; it usually occurs as one or several small pearly nodules with central depressions on the sun-exposed skin of older adults.

bronchioloalveolar carcinoma  a variant type of adenocarcinoma of the lung, with columnar to cuboidal cells lining the alveolar septa and projecting into alveolar spaces.

bronchogenic carcinoma  any of a group of carcinomas of the lung, so called because it arises from the epithelium of the bronchial tree.

cholangiocellular carcinoma  a rare primary carcinoma of the liver originating in bile duct cells.

chorionic carcinoma  choriocarcinoma.

clear cell carcinoma 

1. see under adenocarcinoma.

2. renal cell c.

colloid carcinoma  mucinous c.

cribriform carcinoma 

1. adenoid cystic c.

2. an adenoid cystic carcinoma of the lactiferous ducts, one of the subtypes of ductal carcinoma in situ.

ductal carcinoma in situ  (DCIS) any of a large group of in situ carcinomas of the lactiferous ducts.

embryonal carcinoma  a highly malignant, primitive form of carcinoma, probably of germinal cell or teratomatous derivation, usually arising in a gonad.

carcinoma en cuirasse  carcinoma of the skin manifest as areas of thickening and induration over large areas of the thorax, frequently as a result of metastasis from a primary breast lesion.

endometrioid carcinoma  that characterized by glandular patterns resembling those of the endometrium, occurring in the uterine fundus and ovaries.

epidermoid carcinoma  squamous cell c.

carcinoma ex mixed tumor , carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma a type of malignant pleomorphic adenoma usually occurring in the salivary glands of older adults; an epithelial malignancy arises in a preexisting mixed tumor.

follicular carcinoma of thyroid gland  a type of thyroid gland carcinoma with many follicles.

hepatocellular carcinoma  primary carcinoma of the liver cells; it has been associated with chronic hepatitis B virus infection, some types of cirrhosis, and hepatitis C virus infection.

carcinoma in si´tu  a neoplastic entity wherein the tumor cells are still confined to the epithelium of origin, without invasion of the basement membrane; the likelihood of subsequent invasive growth is presumed to be high.

intraductal carcinoma 

1. any carcinoma of the epithelium of a duct.

2. ductal c. in situ.

Hürthle cell carcinoma  a malignant Hürthle cell tumor.

inflammatory carcinoma of the breast  a highly malignant carcinoma of the breast, with pink to red skin discoloration, tenderness, edema, and rapid enlargement.

large cell carcinoma  a bronchogenic tumor of undifferentiated (anaplastic) cells of large size.

invasive lobular carcinoma  an invasive type of carcinoma of the breast characterized by linear growth into desmoplastic stroma around the terminal part of the lobules of the mammary glands; usually developing from lobular carcinoma in situ.

lobular carcinoma 

1. terminal duct c.

2. see lobular c. in situ.

lobular carcinoma in situ  (LCIS) a type of precancerous neoplasia found in the lobules of mammary glands, progressing slowly, sometimes to invasive lobular carcinoma after many years.

medullary carcinoma  that composed mainly of epithelial elements with little or no stroma; commonly occurring in the breast and thyroid gland.

meningeal carcinoma  primary or secondary carcinomatous infiltration of the meninges, particularly the pia and arachnoid.

Merkel cell carcinoma  a rapidly growing malignant dermal or subcutaneous tumor occurring on sun-exposed areas in middled-aged or older adults and containing irregular anastomosing trabeculae and small dense granules typical of Merkel cells.

mucinous carcinoma  adenocarcinoma producing significant amounts of mucin.

mucoepidermoid carcinoma  a malignant epithelial tumor of glandular tissue, particularly the salivary glands, characterized by acini with mucus-producing cells and by malignant squamous elements.

nasopharyngeal carcinoma  a malignant tumor arising in the epithelial lining of the nasopharynx, seen most often in people of Chinese ancestry. The Epstein-Barr virus has been implicated as a causative agent.

non–small cell carcinoma , non–small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) a general term comprising all lung carcinomas except small-cell carcinoma.

oat cell carcinoma  a form of small cell carcinoma in which the cells are round or elongated, have scanty cytoplasm, and clump poorly.

papillary carcinoma  carcinoma in which there are papillary excrescences.

renal cell carcinoma  clear cell carcinoma; carcinoma of the renal parenchyma, composed of tubular cells in varying arrangements.

scirrhous carcinoma  carcinoma with a hard structure owing to the formation of dense connective tissue in the stroma.

sebaceous carcinoma  carcinoma of the sebaceous glands, usually occurring as a hard yellow nodule on the eyelid.

carcinoma sim´plex  an undifferentiated carcinoma.

signet-ring cell carcinoma  a highly malignant mucus-secreting tumor in which the cells are anaplastic, with nuclei displaced to one side by a globule of mucus.

small cell carcinoma , small cell lung carcinoma (SCLC) a common, highly malignant form of bronchogenic carcinoma in the wall of a major bronchus, usually in middle-aged smokers, composed of small, oval, undifferentiated hematoxyphilic cells.

spindle cell carcinoma  carcinoma, usually of the squamous cell type, marked by fusiform development of rapidly proliferating cells.

squamous cell carcinoma 

1. an initially local carcinoma developed from squamous epithelium and characterized by cuboid cells and keratinization.

2. the form occurring in the skin, usually originating in sun-damaged areas or preexisting lesions.

3. a form of bronchogenic carcinoma, usually in middle-aged smokers, generally forming polypoid or sessile masses obstructing the bronchial airways.

terminal duct carcinoma  a slow-growing, locally invasive, malignant neoplasm composed of myoepithelial and ductal elements, occurring in the minor salivary glands.

transitional cell carcinoma  a malignant tumor arising from a transitional type of stratified epithelium, usually affecting the urinary bladder.

tubular carcinoma 

1. an adenocarcinoma in which the cells are arranged in the form of tubules.

2. a type of breast cancer in which small glandlike structures are formed and infiltrate the stroma, usually developing from a ductal carcinoma in situ.

verrucous carcinoma  a variety of locally invasive squamous cell carcinoma with a predilection for the buccal mucosa but also affecting other oral soft tissues and the larynx; sometimes used for the similar Buschke-Löwenstein tumor on the genitals.

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alveolar carcinoma.

See bronchioloalveolar carcinoma.

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carcinoma

a malignant new growth made up of epithelial cells tending to infiltrate surrounding tissues and to give rise to metastases. A form of cancer, carcinoma makes up the majority of the cases of malignancy of the mammary gland, uterus, intestinal tract, skin and tongue.

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acinic cell carcinoma

locally invasive salivary gland tumors of dogs, and rarely other species, composed of glandular epithelium in an acinar pattern.

adenocystic carcinoma, adenoid cystic carcinoma

carcinoma marked by cylinders or bands of hyaline or mucinous stroma separated or surrounded by nests or cords of small epithelial cells, occurring in the mammary and salivary glands, and mucous glands of the respiratory tract. Called also cylindroma.

alveolar carcinoma

alveolar adenocarcinoma.

apocrine carcinoma

see apocrine tumors.

basal cell carcinoma

an epithelial tumor of the skin that seldom metastasizes but has potential for local invasion and destruction. Common in dogs and cats.

basosquamous carcinoma

carcinoma that histologically exhibits both basal and squamous elements.

bronchogenic carcinoma

carcinoma of the lung, so called because it arises from the epithelium of the bronchial tree.

cholangiocellular carcinoma

primary carcinoma of the liver originating in bile duct cells.

chorionic carcinoma

choriocarcinoma.

colloid carcinoma

mucinous carcinoma.

cylindrical cell carcinoma

carcinoma in which the cells are cylindrical or nearly so.

embryonal carcinoma

a highly malignant primitive form of carcinoma, probably of germinal cell or teratomatous derivation, usually arising in a gonad.

epidermoid carcinoma

that in which the cells tend to differentiate in the same way as those of the epidermis; i.e. they tend to form prickle cells and undergo cornification.

giant cell carcinoma

carcinoma containing many giant cells.

hepatocellular carcinoma

primary carcinoma of the liver cells.

Hürthle cell carcinoma

see hürthle cell tumor.

carcinoma in situ

a neoplastic entity wherein the tumor cells have not invaded the basement membrane but are still confined to the epithelium of origin; popularly applied to such cells in the uterine cervix.

large-cell carcinoma

a bronchogenic tumor of undifferentiated (anaplastic) cells of large size.

medullary carcinoma

that composed mainly of epithelial elements with little or no stroma.

mucinous carcinoma

adenocarcinoma producing significant amounts of mucin.

oat-cell carcinoma

small-cell carcinoma.

papillary carcinoma

carcinoma in which there are papillary excrescences; called also papillocarcinoma.

scirrhous carcinoma

carcinoma with a hard structure owing to the formation of dense connective tissue in the stroma.

carcinoma simplex

an undifferentiated carcinoma.

carcinoma of skin

squamous cell carcinomas occur on the third eyelid, cornea or the eyelid of cattle and horses, on the penis and prepuce of horses, from the mucosa of the frontal sinus to invade the horn core of cattle (called also horn cancer), on the ears of sheep, on the vulva of ewes when the tail is docked too short. In goats the ears, udder, base of the horn and perineum are also susceptible sites. The tumors grow rapidly, show considerable invasiveness and often metastasize to local lymph nodes. In dogs and cats, squamous cell carcinomas are common, particularly on the face and pinnae of white cats. See also squamous cell carcinoma (below).

small-cell carcinoma

a radiosensitive tumor composed of clusters of small, oval, undifferentiated cells that have hyperchromatic nuclei and scant cytoplasm and are typically bronchogenic. Called also oat-cell carcinoma.

spindle cell carcinoma

squamous cell carcinoma marked by fusiform development or rapidly proliferating cells.

stomach carcinoma

squamous cell carcinomas occur in the stomach of the horse and the bovine rumen. The associated clinical syndrome in the horse is one of indigestion and weight loss. Metastasis occurs commonly. In cows there may be vagus indigestion or chronic tympany of the rumen.

transitional cell carcinoma

occurs mainly in the urinary bladder of older dogs. Several structural types may be observed: papillary, polypoid, fungoid or sessile. Metastasis to regional lymph nodes and lungs is possible.

udder carcinoma

occurs rarely in mares and doe goats.