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adrenal insufficiency |
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insufficiency /in·suf·fi·cien·cy/ (-sah-fish´in-se) inability to perform properly an allotted function. adrenal insufficiency 1. hypoadrenalism; abnormally diminished activity of the adrenal gland. adrenocortical insufficiency abnormally diminished secretion of corticosteroids by the adrenal cortex, as in Addison's disease. aortic insufficiency defective functioning of the aortic valve, with incomplete closure resulting in aortic regurgitation. cardiac insufficiency heart failure. coronary insufficiency decrease in flow of blood through the coronary blood vessels. insufficiency of the externi deficient power in the externi muscles of the eye, resulting in esophoria. ileocecal insufficiency inability of the ileocecal valve to prevent backflow of contents from the cecum into the ileum. insufficiency of the interni deficient power in the interni muscles of the eye, resulting in exophoria. mitral insufficiency defective functioning of the mitral valve, with incomplete closure causing mitral regurgitation. pulmonary insufficiency defective functioning of the pulmonary valve, with incomplete closure causing pulmonic regurgitation. thyroid insufficiency hypothyroidism. tricuspid insufficiency defective functioning of the tricuspid valve, with incomplete closure causing tricuspid regurgitation; it is usually secondary to systolic overload. valvular insufficiency 1. dysfunction of a cardiac valve, with incomplete closure resulting in valvular regurgitation; named for the valve involved. 2. venous i. velopharyngeal insufficiency failure of velopharyngeal closure due to cleft palate, muscular dysfunction, etc., resulting in defective speech. venous insufficiency inadequacy of the venous valves with impairment of venous drainage, resulting in edema. vertebrobasilar insufficiency transient ischemia of the brain stem and cerebellum due to stenosis of the vertebral or basilar artery. adrenal insufficiency Etymology: L, ad, to, ren, kidney, in, not, sufficere, to suffice a condition in which the adrenal gland is unable to produce adequate amounts of cortical hormones. See also Addison's disease. adrenal 1. near the kidney. 2. of or produced by the adrenal glands. 3. an adrenal gland. adrenal cortex the outer part of the adrenal gland made up of an external zona glomerulosa, a deeper zona fasciculata and a zona reticularis. It produces three main groups of hormones, the glucocorticoids which are concerned with increasing blood glucose levels, the mineralocorticoids concerned with the maintenance of electrolyte levels in the extracellular fluid, and androgens which have the same masculinizing effect as the hormone testosterone produced by the testis. Called also adrenal gland cortex. See glucocorticoid, mineralocorticoid, androgen. adrenal cortex inhibitors see adrenolytic. adrenal-cortical see adrenocortical. adrenal cortical dysfunction adrenal corticoids adrenal function tests adrenal hyperplasia-like syndrome a congenital abnormality of adrenal steroidogenesis reported in dogs which results in hyperprogestinism and hyperandrogenism. Clinical signs include bilaterally symmetrical alopecia resembling that seen with other endocrinopathies. adrenal insufficiency hypofunction of the adrenal gland, particularly the cortex, leading to signs of weakness and loss of sodium, chloride and water. See also primary hypoadrenocorticism. adrenal medulla a glandular extension of the effector fibers of the sympathetic nervous system that releases into the bloodstream the hormones epinephrine (adrenaline) and norepinephrine (noradrenaline). When the sympathetic nervous system is stimulated the adrenal medulla responds also and its hormones are carried via the bloodstream to cause increases in cardiac output and metabolic rate, vasoconstriction and reduction of gastrointestinal peristalsis. The hormones have similar functions but epinephrine is removed from the bloodstream more slowly and has a more prolonged effect. Called also adrenal gland medulla. Adrenal medullary hormones are not essential to life. Hypersecretion, such as occurs in some functional pheochromocytomas, causes tachycardia, edema and cardiac hypertrophy. adrenal steroids cortisol, corticosterone, cortisone, 11-dehydroxycortisone, desoxycorticosterone, 17-hydroxy-11-desoxycorticosterone, aldosterone, the adrenal corticoids from the adrenal cortex. Called also corticosteroids. insufficiency inability to perform properly an allotted function. adrenal insufficiency hypoadrenalism. aortic insufficiency inadequacy of the aortic valve, permitting blood to flow back into the left ventricle of the heart. cardiac insufficiency inability of the heart to perform its function properly; heart failure. coronary insufficiency decreased supply of blood to the myocardium resulting from constriction or obstruction of the coronary arteries, but not accompanied by necrosis of the myocardial cells. Called also ischemic myocardial necrosis. hepatic insufficiency inadequate liver function, short of hepatic failure. ileocecal insufficiency inability of the ileocecal valve to prevent backflow of contents from the cecum into the ileum. pulmonary insufficiency insufficiency of the pulmonary valve, permitting blood to flow into the right ventricle of the heart. respiratory insufficiency a condition in which respiratory function is inadequate to meet the body's needs when increased physical activity places extra demands on it. See also respiratory insufficiency. thyroid insufficiency hypothyroidism. valvular insufficiency failure of a cardiac valve to close perfectly, causing the blood to flow back through the orifice (valvular regurgitation); named, according to the valve affected, aortic, mitral, pulmonary or tricuspid insufficiency. velopharyngeal insufficiency failure of velopharyngeal closure due to cleft palate, muscular dysfunction, etc., resulting in defective swallowing with regurgitation through the nose. venous insufficiency inadequacy of the venous valves with impairment of venous drainage, resulting in edema. adrenal insufficiency Adrenal gland insufficiency, adrenocortical insufficency, Addison's disease Endocrinology A condition characterized by a marked ↓ in adrenal function Clinical Weakness, hypotension, easy fatigability, weight
loss, N&V, abdominal pain, muscle and joint pain, amenorrhea, bronzing of the skin and hyperpigmentation-especially at skin folds Management Hydrocortisone, fludrocortisone
10 Adrenal insufficiency
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| ? Mentioned in | ? References in periodicals archive | |
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Twenty-four patients had various underlying diseases, including
cardiovascular disorders in 13 patients, diabetes mellitus in 10,
hepatobiliary disorders in 6, history of cerebrovascular accidents in 3,
chronic renal diseases in 2, pulmonary fibrosis in 1, history of
intravenous drug abuse in 1, and adrenal insufficiency in 1. Although primary adrenal insufficiency is rare, the indirect effects
of pathology, illness, medications, and arousal are clinically
important. Type I occurs in
children, and adrenal insufficiency may be accompanied by underactive
parathyroid glands, slow sexual development, pernicious anemia, chronic
candida infections, chronic active hepatitis, and, in very rare cases,
hair loss. |
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