adrenal

adrenal /ad·re·nal/ (ah-dre´n'l)

1. paranephric.

2. adrenal gland.

3. pertaining to an adrenal gland.

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ad·re·nal (-drnl)

adj.

1. At, near, or on the kidneys.

2. Of or relating to the adrenal glands or their secretions.

n.

An adrenal gland or tissue.

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Adrenal

Refers to the glands which sit on top of each kidney and that secrete various hormones.

Mentioned in: Hyperaldosteronism

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adrenal

[ədrē′nəl]

Etymology: L, ad, to, ren, kidney

pertaining to the adrenal glands, which are located atop the kidneys. Also called suprarenal.

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adrenal

1. near the kidney.

2. of or produced by the adrenal glands.

3. an adrenal gland.

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adrenal cortex

the outer part of the adrenal gland made up of an external zona glomerulosa, a deeper zona fasciculata and a zona reticularis. It produces three main groups of hormones, the glucocorticoids which are concerned with increasing blood glucose levels, the mineralocorticoids concerned with the maintenance of electrolyte levels in the extracellular fluid, and androgens which have the same masculinizing effect as the hormone testosterone produced by the testis. Called also adrenal gland cortex. See glucocorticoid, mineralocorticoid, androgen.

adrenal cortex inhibitors

see adrenolytic.

adrenal-cortical

see adrenocortical.

adrenal cortical dysfunction

see hyperadrenocorticism, hypoadrenocorticism.

adrenal corticoids

see mineralocorticoid, glucocorticoid, corticosteroid.

adrenal function tests

see acth response test, dexamethasone suppression test, v-test.

adrenal hyperplasia-like syndrome

a congenital abnormality of adrenal steroidogenesis reported in dogs which results in hyperprogestinism and hyperandrogenism. Clinical signs include bilaterally symmetrical alopecia resembling that seen with other endocrinopathies.

adrenal insufficiency

hypofunction of the adrenal gland, particularly the cortex, leading to signs of weakness and loss of sodium, chloride and water. See also primary hypoadrenocorticism.

adrenal medulla

a glandular extension of the effector fibers of the sympathetic nervous system that releases into the bloodstream the hormones epinephrine (adrenaline) and norepinephrine (noradrenaline). When the sympathetic nervous system is stimulated the adrenal medulla responds also and its hormones are carried via the bloodstream to cause increases in cardiac output and metabolic rate, vasoconstriction and reduction of gastrointestinal peristalsis. The hormones have similar functions but epinephrine is removed from the bloodstream more slowly and has a more prolonged effect. Called also adrenal gland medulla.

Adrenal medullary hormones are not essential to life. Hypersecretion, such as occurs in some functional pheochromocytomas, causes tachycardia, edema and cardiac hypertrophy.

adrenal steroids

cortisol, corticosterone, cortisone, 11-dehydroxycortisone, desoxycorticosterone, 17-hydroxy-11-desoxycorticosterone, aldosterone, the adrenal corticoids from the adrenal cortex. Called also corticosteroids.