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acarbose |
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acarbose /acar·bose/ (a´kahr-bōs) an α inhibitor used in treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. acarbose, an insulin-control drug. indications It is prescribed in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus; it slows the digestion of complex carbohydrates and reduces the demand for insulin. The drug is indicated for use with dietary modifications or other medications that treat diabetes in patients whose hyperglycemia is not sufficiently controlled by diet alone. contraindications It should not be used by patients with diabetic ketoacidosis or intestinal diseases that may impair digestion or absorption. Caution is advised for use in patients with renal dysfunction. adverse effects The side effects most often reported include flatulence, diarrhea, and abdominal pain. Increased transaminase levels have been reported in patients taking high doses. acarbose, n brand name: Precose, Prandase; drug class: oligosaccharide, glucosidase enzyme inhibitor; action: inhibits α-glucosidase enzyme in the GI tract to slow the breakdown of carbohydrates to glucose; uses: a single drug or in combination with others when diet control is ineffective in controlling blood glucose levels such as with type 2 diabetes mellitus. acarbose an alpha-glucosidase inhibitor which reduces postprandial hyperglycemia. It has been used in the management of diabetes mellitus. acarbose Warning - High-alert drug! Glucobay (UK), Prandase (CA), Precose Pharmacologic class: Alpha-glucosidase inhibitor Therapeutic class: Hypoglycemic Pregnancy risk category B ActionImproves blood glucose control by slowing carbohydrate digestion in intestine and prolonging conversion of carbohydrates to glucose AvailabilityTablets: 25 mg, 50 mg, 100 mg ⊘Indications and dosages ➣ Treatment of type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus when diet alone doesn't control blood glucose Adults: Initially, 25 mg P.O. t.i.d. Increase q 4 to 8 weeks as needed until maintenance dosage is reached. Maximum dosage is 100 mg P.O. t.i.d. for adults weighing more than 60 kg (132 lb); 50 mg P.O. t.i.d. for adults weighing 60 kg or less. Contraindications• Hypersensitivity to drug PrecautionsUse cautiously in: Administration• Give with first bite of patient's three main meals.
Adverse reactionsGI: diarrhea, abdominal pain, flatulence Metabolic: hypoglycemia (when used with insulin or sulfonylureas) Other: edema, hypersensitivity reaction (rash) InteractionsDrug-drug. Activated charcoal, calcium channel blockers, corticosteroids, digestive enzymes, diuretics, estrogen, hormonal contraceptives, isoniazid, nicotinic acid, phenothiazines, phenytoin, sympathomimetics, thyroid products: decreased therapeutic effect of acarbose Digoxin: decreased digoxin blood level and reduced therapeutic effect Insulin, sulfonylureas: hypoglycemia Drug-diagnostic tests. Alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase: increased levels Calcium, vitamin B6: decreased levels Hematocrit: decreased Patient monitoring• Monitor patient for hypoglycemia if he's taking drug concurrently with insulin or sulfonylureas. Patient teaching• Inform patient that drug may cause serious interactions with many common medications, so he should tell all prescribers he's taking it. How to thank TFD for its existence? Tell a friend about us, add a link to this page, add the site to iGoogle, or visit webmaster's page for free fun content. |
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| Acarbose, an alpha-glucosidase inhibitor, has been
effective in delaying development of type 2 diabetes. There are now two alpha-glucosidase inhibitors (AL-fa
gloo-KOS-ih-dayss in-HIB-it-ers): acarbose (AK-er-bose) and miglitol
(MIG-lih-tall). Neither acarbose nor miglitol causes blood sugar to get too low
(hypoglycemia) when it is the only diabetes medicine you take. |
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