stenosis

[stĕ-no´sis] (pl. steno´ses)

an abnormal narrowing or contraction of a body passage or opening; called also arctation, coarctation, and stricture.

aortic stenosis obstruction to the outflow of blood from the left ventricle into the aorta; in the majority of adult cases the etiology is degenerative calcific disease of the valve.

hypertrophic subaortic stenosis (idiopathic hypertrophic subaortic stenosis) a cardiomyopathy of unknown cause, in which the left ventricle is hypertrophied and the cavity is small; it is marked by obstruction to left ventricular outflow.

mitral stenosis a narrowing of the left atrioventricular orifice (mitral valve) due to inflammation and scarring; the cause is almost always rheumatic heart disease. Normally the leaflets open with each pulsation of the heart, allowing blood to flow from the left atrium into the left ventricle, and close as the ventricle fills again so that they prevent a backward flow of blood. In mitral stenosis there is a resultant increase of pressure in the pulmonary artery and hypertrophy of the left ventricle. The usual treatment is surgical replacement of the valve.

pulmonary stenosis (PS) narrowing of the opening between the pulmonary artery and the right ventricle.

pyloric stenosis see pyloric stenosis.

renal artery stenosis narrowing of one or both renal arteries by atherosclerosis or by fibrous dysplasia or hyperplasia, so that renal function is impaired (see ischemic nephropathy). Increased renin release by the affected kidney causes renovascular hypertension, and bilateral stenosis may result in chronic renal failure.

spinal stenosis narrowing of the vertebral canal, nerve root canals, or intervertebral foramina of the lumbar spine, caused by encroachment of bone upon the space; symptoms are caused by compression of the cauda equina and include pain, paresthesias, and neurogenic claudication. The condition may be either congenital or due to spinal degeneration.

subaortic stenosis aortic stenosis due to an obstructive lesion in the left ventricle below the aortic valve, causing a pressure gradient across the obstruction within the ventricle. See also idiopathic hypertrophic subaortic stenosis.

subglottic stenosis stenosis of the trachea below the glottis. A congenital form results in neonatal stridor or laryngotracheitis, often requiring tracheotomy but resolving with age. An acquired form is caused by repeated intubations.

tracheal stenosis scarring of the trachea with narrowing, usually as a result of injury from an artificial airway or trauma.

tricuspid stenosis (TS) narrowing or stricture of the tricuspid orifice of the heart, a condition often seen in patients with severe congestive heart failure, usually the result of volume overload and pulmonary hypertension with right ventricular and tricuspid annular dilation.

mi·tral ste·no·sis (MS),

pathologic narrowing of the orifice of the mitral valve.

Farlex Partner Medical Dictionary © Farlex 2012

mitral stenosis

A narrowing of the mitral valve, usually caused by disease and resulting in an obstruction to the flow of blood from the left atrium to the left ventricle.

mitral stenosis

Mitral valve obstruction Cardiology A sequela of rheumatic heart disease, primarily affecting ♀ and more common in developing nations Clinical Left-sided heart failure–DOE, orthopnea, paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea; less commonly, hemoptysis, hoarseness, signs of right-sided heart failure; Sx may be triggered by A Fib, pregnancy or other stress–eg, RTI, endocarditis or other heart disease Examination Diastolic rumble after opening snap; S₁ is usually load, because the mitral valve remains open by a transient gradient until closed by the systolic force; pulmonary HTN is indicated by a loud P₂, right ventricular lift, ↑ neck veins, ascites, edema Workup Doppler echocardiography–↓ valve diameter, severity of stenosis Management Medical therapy in asymptomatic Pts–antibiotics for endocarditis; mild Sx–diuretics; with A Fib, digoxin, beta-blocker, or CCB; moderate Sx–balloon valvotomy if calcification not excessive, otherwise, valve repair or replacement. See Mitral valve.

mi·tral ste·no·sis

(MS) (mī'trăl stĕ-nō'sis)

Pathologic narrowing of the orifice of the mitral valve.

mitral stenosis

Narrowing of the MITRAL VALVE of the heart. This is usually the result of damage from RHEUMATIC FEVER. The narrowing imposes a back pressure on the blood coming from the lungs and an early sign is breathlessness. The left ATRIUM enlarges and may beat irregularly (ATRIAL FIBRILLATION) and clots may form in the atrium. Disablement from reduced exercise tolerance may be severe and surgery may be required to widen or replace the damaged valve.

Mitral stenosis

Narrowing or constricting of the mitral valve, which separates the left atrium from the left ventricle.

Mentioned in: Pulmonary Edema