Bleeding was controlled using
vasoconstrictive spray and nasal packing.
Treatment of acute monocular vision loss related to vasospasm includes prompt treatment with calcium channel blockers, which improves blood flow by reducing the
vasoconstrictive effects of ET-1 [9].
Otherwise, a reduced peripheral
vasoconstrictive response to adrenergic stimuli is likely to contribute to orthostatic tolerance and to an increase in heat dissipation.
It is thought to be multifactorial, resulting from a combination of an increase in
vasoconstrictive factors (endothelin and thromboxane), activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, reduction of vasodilator factors (nitric oxide and prostacyclin), and formation of free radicals.
Reduction of the length density and diameter indicates angioinhibitory and
vasoconstrictive actions in 12 and 21 days post-wounding.
In addition to its
vasoconstrictive property, UII can also cause vasodilation effect in small resistant arteries [2].
The resulting peripheral
vasoconstrictive response was also surprisingly brief.
Causes include traumatic perforation, inflammatory or collagen vascular diseases, infections, overuse of
vasoconstrictive medications, and malignancy.
Theories regarding propranolol's mechanism of action include an initial capillary
vasoconstrictive effect, suppression/blockade of growth factors with induction of apoptosis of endothelial cells and blockade of GLUT1 receptors.