In the
varus knee, the contracted structures include the pes anserine tendons, the superficial medial collateral ligament, the posteromedial corner and semimembranosus muscle insertion, the medial joint capsule, and the deep medial collateral ligament (MCL).
No limp or pain position Good Walks well, uses stick to <10[degrees]
varus and go out minimal shortening Fair Requires stick, considerable 10[degrees]-25[degrees] of limp or pain
varus and 0.5 to 1 in of shortening Poor Bedridden or confined Severe malunion,
varus to chair deformity of [greater than or equal to]25 [degrees] or >1 in of shortening Table 4.
Ten subjects (out of 11) from the
varus group, eight (out of 11) from the neutral group, and five (out of 10) from the valgus group showed an internal knee abduction moment, while the rest of the participants showed an internal knee adduction moment (Figure 2).
Although both biochemical and mechanical factors affect cartilage degeneration, mechanical factors may play a more important role.[26],[27] The OA group had approximately normal ACLs, MCLs, and lateral menisci, which ensured good protection of the lateral compartment.[28],[29],[30] Furthermore, the
varus angles were limited within 15[degrees], with a mean of 7.7 [+ or -] 3.5[degrees].
Caption: Figure 7:
Varus collapse of subtrochanteric femur fractures: This diagram illustrates and provides a radiographic example of a subtrochanteric fracture
varus nonunion.
Physical exam showed pain and sign of instability such as positive pivot shift, which had to be confirmed under fluoroscopy; clinical attitude in the elbow
varus was less evident than in the first case.
Calcaneus Inverted & Navicular Raised = Supinated Compensations: Distal = Plantar flex 1st Ray, Proximal =
Varus Tibia Compensated Calcaneus Vertical & Navicular Collapse = Pronated Gait Assessment
The clinical and radiographic results of intertrochanteric curved
varus osteotomy for idiopathic osteonecrosis of the femoral head.
Two patients in intramedullary group had poor results, one was due to infection (subsequent ankylosis of hip) and the other one due to z effect (subsequent
varus collapse).
Varus displacement of the distal limb at the level of the intertarsal joint without significant rotational displacement is suggestive of disruption of the lateral collateral ligament and joint retinaculum.
(4,5) Biomechanically, the PLC structures primarily restrain tibial
varus, external rotation, and posterior translation movement.