No cytopathic effects were detected in LLC-MK2 cell cultures inoculated with the nasal
turbinate homogenate from birds exposed to any one of the 4 genotypes of hMPV.
"Technical performance of the surgery is key, and especially the middle
turbinate," Dr.
Paradoxical middle
turbinate occurs if the convexity of the middle
turbinate is directed towards the medial wall of the maxillary sinus.
Among all patients, septoplasty and/or
turbinate reduction procedure history was available for 331 patients.
The pathophysiology of LCH is unknown, but it is associated with trauma, pregnancy, oral contraceptive use, and several cases have been reported as a result of excessive bipolar cautery used in inferior
turbinate surgery.
Several factors contribute to lateralization of the middle
turbinate withorwithoutsynechiaformation:(l) trauma to the lateral mucosal surface of the middle
turbinate, (2) resection of the horizontal portion of the basal lamella, (3) improper manipulation of the middle
turbinate resulting in a floppy
turbinate, (4) severe polyposis surrounding the middle
turbinate, (5) postoperative swelling, (6) inadequate postoperative debridement, and (7) improper packing of the nasal airway after surgery.
All adults (>15 years of age) complaining of nasal obstruction and with deviated nasal septum, nasal polyposis and
turbinate hypertrophy were included in the study.
It was a time bound study and based on the statistics of previous year (2016) the number of
turbinate surgeries done was approximately 50 cases.
Rigid nasal endoscopy showed a single polypoid mass with a long pedicle protruding from above the left middle
turbinate and extending posteriorly toward the choana [Figure 1].
Various other complications reported in the literature include sinusitis due to obstruction to sinus drainage, transient bacteremia, endotracheal tube (ETT) obstruction, dislodgement of adenoids from mechanical trauma,
turbinate avulsion, retropharyngeal perforation, mucosal laceration, cribriform plate fracture, olfactory nerve injury and perforation of pyriform fossa.
CT scanning revealed an image of extensive soft tissue in the left nasal cavity and unclear borders with the inferior
turbinate, raising suspicion of a mass lesion, for which contrast enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed.
Chronic nasal obstruction is a common symptom, and the most common cause of nasal obstruction in adults is inferior
turbinate hypertrophy (ITH) [1].