Figure 2 depicts more details concerning both the
sylvatic and urban cycles of the ZIKV (24) and also of the potential modes of human to human transmission of the virus.
As an addition to this model, an equation describing wild populations of vectors (
sylvatic) and transfer to the domicile from these populations is included.
The
sylvatic cycle involves viral transmission between forest mosquitoes and non-human primates such as monkeys and up to some extent rodents.
mosquitoes and the transmission cycle of this virus may shift from
sylvatic to urban, using humans as amplifying hosts, and then establishing new outbreaks in Brazil, since the majority of the Brazilian population is susceptible to MAYV infection.
Also, it is important to emphasize that these species are exclusively found in
sylvatic environment (Forattini, 2002).
These ferrets are currently endangered due to the
sylvatic plague infecting their primary food source, prairie dogs.
This wide range of arthropod vectors in Africa that can host ZIKV demonstrates that the virus is well adapted to different mosquito genera, which can play an important role during
sylvatic and urban ZIKV cycles in Africa (Figure 2).
WHO said Zika virus is an emerging mosquito-borne virus that was first identified in Uganda in 1947 in rhesus monkeys through a monitoring network of
sylvatic yellow fever.
Life history studies on two molecular strains of Mesocestoides (Cestoda: Mesocestoides): identification of
sylvatic hosts and infectivity of immature life stages.