In conclusion, the change of the neural excitability after stroke may cause the
spasticity which can be released through modulating the activity of the GABA-a receptors in the cerebral cortex by the peripheral injection of the Botox.
Inclusion criteria were as follows: (1) having chronic phase (at least 12 months) unilateral stroke, (2) having an ischemic or hemorrhagic poststroke hemiplegia, (3) having calf muscle
spasticity score; 1+ to 3 by Modified Ashworth Scale (MAS) [11], and (4) being able to reach at least Brunnstrom stage 3 at the leg.
Many investigators have studied the effectiveness of hand splinting in the management of
spasticity and contractures with conflicting results.
In an initial study, two physicians trained in
spasticity assessment were instructed to test the glove on five different patients with cerebral palsy.
The patients were identified from the
spasticity clinic database.
1,2 The disorder varies in the clinical presentation, timing of the lesion, site and severity of the impairments.3 The prevalence of cerebral palsy is reported between 2 and 3 per 1,000 live births.4,5 Spastic CP, particularly spastic diplegia, is the most common form of CP, accounting for 50-60% of total cases.2,6,7
Spasticity has severe adverse effects on muscles and joints, particularly in extremities.1 Both limbs, however, may exhibit difference in pattern of
spasticity from each other.4
Spasticity is generally worse in the lower limbs in children with bilateral involvement.6 The most commonly involved lower limb muscles include gastrocnemius, soleus, adductors, hamstrings, psoas and rectus femoris.1,6
Individuals with
spasticity after stroke who were receiving treatment in an outpatient
spasticity clinic were invited to participate in this cross-sectional study.
About 80 percent of people with MS have
spasticity, which ranges from mild to severe.
It is clear from this month's CME that the mere presence of epilepsy or
spasticity is not a trigger for surgery.
Editors Stevenson and Jarrett present readers with the second edition of their collection of contributions focused on the neurological symptom
spasticity. The editors have organized the contributions that make up the main body of the text in two parts devoted to nine chapters focused on
spasticity, assessment of the individual with
spasticity, provision of education and promoting of self-management, and other related subjects; and seventeen appendices focused on focal
spasticity multidisciplinary proforma,
spasticity outcome measures form, managing
spasticity and spasms, and many other related topics.