In this study, we used WGS to investigate transmission of MDR and extensively drug resistant (XDR) TB strains isolated in Tunisia over a 4-year period by applying the core-genome multilocus sequence typing (cgMLST) scheme and identifying the drug-resistance marker for first-line and
second-line drug resistance.
More than half of patients nationwide (60 per cent) who need a
second-line drug are prescribed one of these two drugs, the study found.
Although the patient with recurrent glioblastoma has multiple choices of therapy, the 5-year survival rate is still less than 5%, and the average survival time is less than 12 months.[1] Currently, there is no single
second-line drug can have survival benefits.
The head of the National Malaria Control Programme, Dr Waqo Ejersa, said the prescribed drug was only limited to a particular batch that failed to meet quality specifications as laid-down in the ministry and World Health Organization guidelines."Duo-Cotexcin is normally used as a
second-line drug in the treatment of malaria in the country.
Dapsone as a cheap and safe
second-line drug for chronic immune thrombocytopenia in developing countries: A prospective cohort study.
Criteria for acquired resistance were met if participants had evidence of prior MDR-TB infection or were previously treated for MDR-TB or with any
second-line drug for indications other than TB.
These savings are expected to accumulate through lower
second-line drug costs (second-line therapy costs ~USD350 [5,8]), but also lower service delivery costs and decreased viral load monitoring.
Current guidelines recommend digoxin as first-line therapy in patients who aren't physically active and as a
second-line drug for more active patients.
National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) cite sulfonylurea drugs as the top
second-line drug treatment for patients with type 2 diabetes if monotherapy with metformin fails.