urine

[u´rin]

the fluid containing water and waste products that is secreted by the kidneys, stored in the bladder, and discharged by way of the urethra.

Contents of the Urine. Several different types of waste products are eliminated in urine (for example, urea, uric acid, ammonia, and creatinine); none are useful in the blood. The largest component of urine by weight (apart from water) is urea, which is derived from the breakdown of dietary proteins and amino acids in the diet and those of the body itself. Its amount varies greatly from person to person, however, depending on the amount of protein in the diet. Besides waste materials, urine also contains surpluses of products necessary for bodily functioning, such as water, sodium chloride, and other substances. Thus in a typical specimen of urine there will be sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, chloride, phosphate, and sulfate.

The color of urine is due to the presence of the yellow pigment urochrome. Individual ingredients of urine are not usually visible, but when the urine is alkaline some of the ingredients may form sediments of phosphates and urates. The urine may also become cloudy from the presence of mucus. Persistent cloudiness may indicate the presence of pus or blood. Common causes of variations in the color of urine are summarized in the accompanying table.

fractional urine examination of a urine specimen with separate examination for different solutes, generally meaning that the specimen is tested for the presence of glucose and acetone.

midstream urine clean-catch specimen.

residual urine urine remaining in the bladder after urination; seen in bladder outlet obstruction and disorders of deficient detrusor contractility.

re·sid·u·al u·rine

urine remaining in the bladder at the end of micturition in cases of prostatic obstruction, bladder atony, etc.

Farlex Partner Medical Dictionary © Farlex 2012

re·sid·u·al u·rine

(rē-zid'yū-ăl yūr'in)

That which remains in the bladder at the end of micturition in cases of prostatic obstruction, bladder atony, and other disorders.

Medical Dictionary for the Health Professions and Nursing © Farlex 2012

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References in periodicals archive

Among the six patients that had covert retention, the range of voided urine at second void was 150 ml to 550 ml, and the residual urine measured ranged from 173 to 338 ml.

Acceptable Postvoid Residual Urine Volume after Vaginal Delivery and Its Association with Various Obstetric Parameters

(35) In addition, the supplemented patients had significantly less residual urine in their bladders after voiding and in the measured diameter of their prostate glands by ultrasound.

Safely reduce annoying prostate symptoms

The bladder capacity, abdominal pressure, bladder pressure, detrusor pressure, electromyographic activity (EMG) of the pelvic base muscles, compliance, type of the urinary flow, speed of the urinary flow (Qmax) and residual urine volume were recorded.

To what extent are bladder dysfunctions responsible of recurrent urinary tract infections?

The final inclusion criteria were; refractory retention of urine, severe IPSS (19-35), prostate apparently benign on DRE and on ultrasonography post-voiding residual urine more than 100ml.

FREQUENCY OF CARCINOMA OF PROSTATE IN CLINICALLY BENIGN PROSTATIC HYPERPLASIA AND ROLE OF DIFFERENT SCREENING TESTS

(8) The requirement for CISC was reported in various studies as 26-100% of patients, and it varied according to patient tolerance of residual urine. (15), (19), (24), (25) However, the requirement for CISC has been shown to differ in patients with and without neurologic diseases according to the presence of high residual urine in the augmented bladder.

The effects of etiological factors on the results of augmentation enterocystoplasty: spinal cord injuries versus chronic tuberculosis cystitis / Etyolojik faktorlerin mesane ogmentasyon sonuclari acisindan onemi: omurilik yaralanmalari ile kronik tuberkuloz sistit karsilastirmasi

The patients had their prostate volume determined using transabdominal ultrasound; then free uroflowmetry was performed in a standing position (with the minimum voided volume of 150 ml), determining the maximum urinary flow rate ([Q.sub.max]), and subsequently, their postvoid residual urine was determined.

Bladder outlet obstruction number-a good indicator of infravesical obstruction in patients with benign prostatic enlargement?

* An ultrasound study, specifically of the bladder, to determine the bladder wall thickness, the residual urine, and the upper tract can be helpful.

Dysfunctional voiding in children: dysfunctional voiding is a problem of the emptying phase of the bladder

The International Prostate Symptom Score in a community-based sample of men between 55 and 74 years of age: prevalence and correlation of symptoms with age, prostate volume, flow rate and residual urine volume.

Correlation between a new visual prostate symptom score (VPSS) and uroflowmetry parameters in men with lower urinary tract symptoms

BPH screening in the men over the age of 50 was carried out using the following methods: survey of respondents with the universal questionnaire, with filling of the international assessment questionnaire for the prostate disease symptoms; physical survey including external examination of organs of a scrotum and digital rectal examination of a prostate; ultrasonic research of kidneys, urinary ways and a prostate to assess the presence and volume of a residual urine, scoping of a prostate and an average flow rate of urine.

Studying of prevalence of the most significant urological diseases in the Aral Sea area

DHEA treatment had no effect on mean serum values for PSA or testosterone, or on the mean postvoid residual urine volume.

DHEA, erectile function, and the prostate

Urologic-specific tests include postvoid residual urine volume measurement, urine culture after prostate massage, urinary flow rate, urodynamic testing, and cystoscopy, but Dr.

Chronic pelvic pain equally troublesome in men

Physical examination, International Prostate Symptom Score, quality of life (QoL), five-item version of the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF-5), basic clinical chemistry parameters, haematology, Se, testosterone, PSA (free and total), C-re-active protein (CRP), antioxidant status, transrectal ultrasound prostate volume, urinary flow rate, ultrasound-estimated post-void residual urine volume at baseline, and at 3 and 6 months, and urine ex vivo anti-adherence activity were determined in all subjects.

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