However, it has previously been showed that Mikania micrantha was
protandrous and had a secondary pollen presentation system which characterizes the family Asteraceae (Hong et al., 2008).
A
protandrous male optimizes his chances to encounter females by mating early in the flight period (Zonneveld 1992).
This pattern has been reported in other places for other species including snappers, Pristipomoides filamentosus [40]; Aprion virescens and Etelis coruscans [39]; black breams, Acanthopagrus butcheri [41] and sharks, Acanthopagrus latus [42] who added a note that once a
protandrous hermaphrodite fish has become a functional female, it remains a female throughout the rest of its life.
This fish is a
protandrous hermaphrodite species (TAYLOR et al., 2000) that has been studied in the United States (YANES-ROCCA et al., 2009), Mexico (IBARRA-CASTRO et al., 2011) and Brazil (SOLIGO et al., 2011).
The flowers of this genus are
protandrous and produce nectar (N.
Passion fruit flowers are
protandrous as anther dehisces before stigma become receptive, and stigma remains receptive from the time of flower opening to closing (Cox, 1957).
ovalifoliolata, the flowers are weakly
protandrous, produce considerable per cent of sterile pollen and present the capitate, wet papillate tri-lobed stigma above the stamens as in case of its allied species B.
Many self-compatible species have special adaptations to prevent the automatic self-pollination, such as species herkogamous,
protandrous and protogynous.
Key Words: Polynemidae; Hermaphrodite; Exponential;
ProtandrousFlower sex ratio, pollinator abundance, and the seasonal pollination dynamics of a
protandrous plant.
Female mating success and risk of pre-reproductive death in a
protandrous grasshopper.