At CPB weaning off,
protamine sulphate was administered (1mg/100 units heparin) to reverse the heparin, targeted to bring the ACT back to 80-120 seconds.
Though it includes specific agent like
protamine sulphate, it is less effective.
* One intravenous (IV) dose of
protamine sulphate can neutralise about 60-75% of the anti-Xa activity.
1.0% solution of
protamine sulphate on 0.1 M phosphate buffer pH 7.5
After 4-48 h incubation with 25 g Fe/ml TA-(USPIO) target cells demonstrated a significant reduction in T2 values.2223 Subsequent work has optimized this method by mixing Ferumoxides with
protamine sulphate (50:3) g/ml.
Protamine sulphate can be used to reverse the effects of heparin but is associated with anaphylactic reactions and pulmonary hypertension [6, 7].
Re-calcified kaolin activated TEG was performed on the citrated blood samples, using native cuvettes, heparinase-modified cuvettes and native cuvettes with the addition of two different doses of
protamine sulphate (20 U, 0.5 U, Valeant Pharmaceuticals Germany GMBH, Eschborn, Germany).
Regional heparinisation was used with simultaneous infusions of
protamine sulphate and heparin.
After completion of the anastomosis the heparinization was partially reversed with
protamine sulphate and the operation was completed with the ACT at 150 sec.
When staff realised their mistake, they administered
protamine sulphate, a drug that reverses the effects of heparin.
Importantly, Fondaparinux is not reversed by
protamine sulphate. (6) Fondaparinux is not yet commercially available for use in South Africa.