Depending on the relation, functions may be transformed, rather than transferred: a stimulus in a relation of opposition with, for instance, a stimulus with
positive valence may acquire negative valence without direct training (e.g., Perez, de Almeida, & de Rose, 2015).
Results of simple effects analysis showed that, when the outcome had a
positive valence, situational-promotion-focused participants evaluated the outcome as fairer when confronted with a gain than when confronted with a nonloss, [F.sub.(1, 448)] = 36.98, p < .001, [[eta].sup.2.sub.p] = 0.07.
Participants responded to the Autobiographical Memory Test (AMT; Williams & Broadbent, 1986) in which they had to elicit a specific memory for each of ten cue words (five of negative valence and five of
positive valence).
Listening to the up-tempo, major key Mozart sonata will put participants in a mood with high arousal and
positive valence. Participants who listen to the same sonata that is played down-tempo and in a major key will experience a mood with low arousal and
positive valence.
Further experiments should be conducted to confirm the possibility of the existence of premier expression in other muscle regions, for instance, using stronger stimuli with
positive valence stimuli to examine the activity in the zygomaticus major muscle.
Valence is comprised of
positive valence (promotion, recognition of achievement) and negative valence (punishment, stress, layoff and pressure regarding job procedures).
They are significantly happier and have more
positive valence than the rest of the sample (p = .012 and .025).
The researchers found that listening to happy music, which they define as classical music that is
positive valence and high in arousal, facilitates more divergent creative thinking compared to silence.
On the other hand, neuroimaging studies have reported that extroversion was found to be correlated with low level of arousal [38] and correlated with
positive valence, while neuroticism was correlated with high level of arousal and to negative valence [39].
Marketing theorists understand that consumers develop emotional attachments to food (14-17) and exert influence over them by manipulating presentation of foods (colour, size, shape and labelling), (10-12,18) presenting music in eating areas (19-22) and smells which stimulate saliva and memories, (10,23) to promote a
positive valence toward food.