When the only alternative was using an elevator, he overcame his avoidance and fear, which are consistent with
phobic disorders. He was able to get on the elevator with other people by sheer force of will--but in terror.
Alcohol-dependent patients with comorbid
phobic disorders: A comparison between comorbid patients, pure alcohol-dependent and pure phobic patients.
Specificity in familial aggregation of
phobic disorders. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1995;52:564-73.
The most prevalent anxiety disorders are generalized anxiety disorder, social anxiety, panic disorder (with/without agoraphobia), obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD),
phobic disorders, and separation antety.
Hypnotherapy can be used extensively for a wide range of conditions in the field of psychiatry: it is valuable for the treatment of anxiety disorders, sleep disturbances, eating disorders, depression, psychosexual disorders, addictions, and particularly, in the treatment of
phobic disorders (Waxman, 1980).
In the clinical psychology field, virtual reality is a safe, inexpensive, accepted, and probably soon a widespread tool used in exposure treatments of
phobic disorders. However, more randomized clinical trials, in which VRET could be compared to standard exposure, with more objective measures, are required.
Emphasizing use in clinical situations, Parnell, a clinical psychologist, consultant, and EMDR trainer, discusses successful use of eye-movement desensitization and reprocessing techniques for treating trauma and
phobic disorders. Writing for EMDR-trained therapists and not beginners, she focuses on case formulation, ego strengthening, target development, and the ability to work with processing difficulties.
Pharmacological treatment of
phobic disorders. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 47, 445-452.
Miller's study of patients claiming psychological injuries revealed frequent clinical findings of anxiety-depressive or hysterical symptoms and, less frequently,
phobic disorders. These symptoms also are frequently encountered today by American lawyers defending against a PTSD claim.
Needle phobia;
phobic disorders; needles; vasovagal reflex; syncope; vasovagal syncope; iontophoresis.
And while TCAs are no longer widely prescribed for depression because SSRIs are so much safer, they are increasingly used in lower doses for chronic pain syndromes, peripheral neuropathy, migraine prophylaxis, panic and
phobic disorders, and obsessive-compulsive disorder.