Surgical management of pain
• Section of peripheral nerve pathway Neurectomy, splanchnicectomy, dorsal rhizotomy
• Section of CNS pathway Anterolateral cordotomy, trigeminal tractotomy, dorsal root entry zone lesioning
• Procedures to alter affective response to pain Cingulotomy, obotomy, thalamotomy
• Section of efferent arc of vasomotor reflex Sympathectomy
• Suppression by nonablative techniques Stimulation of peripheral nerve, spinal deep brain, intraspinal drug infusion