homocystinuria

homocystinuria

 [ho″mo-sis″tin-u´re-ah]

an inborn error of metabolism of sulfur amino acids due to lack of the enzyme cystathionine synthase; it is characterized by homocystine in the urine and by mental retardation, hepatomegaly, ectopia lentis (displacement of the lens), and cardiovascular and skeletal disorders.

Miller-Keane Encyclopedia and Dictionary of Medicine, Nursing, and Allied Health, Seventh Edition. © 2003 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier, Inc. All rights reserved.

ho·mo·cys·ti·nu·ri·a

(hō'mō-sis'ti-nyū'rē-ă), [MIM*236200]

A metabolic disorder characterized by sparse blond hair, long limbs, pectus excavatum, dislocation of lens, failure to thrive, mental retardation, psychiatric disturbances, and thromboembolic episodes; some patients have alleviation of symptoms with pyridoxine whereas others are not responsive; associated with increased urinary excretion of homocystine and methionine. Autosomal recessive inheritance, but carriers have an increased risk of occlusive vascular disease; caused by mutation in the cysthathione beta-synthase gene (CBS) on chromosome 21q. In addition, there are seven other causes of homocystinuria: defect in vitamin B12 metabolism [MIM*277400]; deficiency of N-methylene-tetrahydrofolate reductase [MIM*236250]; selective intestinal malabsorption of vitamin B12 [MIM*261100]; vitamin B12 responsive homocystinuria, cblE type [MIM*236270]; methylcobalamin deficiency, cblG type [MIM*250940], vitamin B12 metabolic defect type 2 [MIM*277410]; and transcobalamin II deficiency [MIM*275350].

Farlex Partner Medical Dictionary © Farlex 2012

homocystinuria

(hō′mə-sĭs′tə-no͝or′ē-ə)

n.

Any of several genetic disorders of amino acid metabolism that result in elevated levels of homocystine in the urine and are characterized by varied symptoms including dislocation of the crystalline lens of the eye, cardiovascular and skeletal deformities, and intellectual disability.

The American Heritage® Medical Dictionary Copyright © 2007, 2004 by Houghton Mifflin Company. Published by Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

homocystinuria

Metabolic disease An AR condition due to a defect of cystathionine β—synthase , characterized by ↑ (> 300 µmol/L) homocysteine in serum Clinical Overgrowth of long bones, mental retardation, osteoporosis, ectopia lentis, failure to thrive, sparse blond hair, genu valgum, thromboembolism, fatty liver; most die before age 30 of arterial and venous occlusive disease; lesser ↑ of homocysteine is seen in heterozygotes, in those with ↓ folic acid, vitamin B₁₂, in renal failure and after heart transplants Lab ↑ homocysteine in urine Management Pyridoxine or vitamin B₆.

McGraw-Hill Concise Dictionary of Modern Medicine. © 2002 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

homocystinuria

The abnormal presence of homocystine in the urine. This may be caused by vitamin B12 deficiency, a B12 metabolic defect, drugs or urinary infection but is usually due to an autosomal recessive enzyme-defect disorder. The hereditary form features sparse blond hair, OSTEOPOROSIS with overgrowth of long bones, a hollowed chest, dislocation of the lenses of the eyes and mental retardation.

Collins Dictionary of Medicine © Robert M. Youngson 2004, 2005

homocystinuria

An autosomal recessive inherited disorder caused by a cystathionine beta synthase deficiency, which leads to an accumulation of the amino acid methionine and homocysteine. The first signs are ocular; a dislocated lens which may cause diplopia or glaucoma, myopia and occasionally retinal detachment. Systemic signs are blond hair, intellectual impairment and some of the features of Marfan's syndrome (e.g. tall, thin build).

Millodot: Dictionary of Optometry and Visual Science, 7th edition. © 2009 Butterworth-Heinemann

ho·mo·cys·ti·nu·ri·a

(hō'mō-sis'ti-nyū'rē-ă) [MIM*236200]

Metabolic disorder characterized by sparse blond hair, long limbs, pectus excavatum, dislocation of lens, failure to thrive, mental retardation, psychiatric disturbances, and thromboembolic episodes.

Medical Dictionary for the Dental Professions © Farlex 2012