Binding of the
hemagglutinin from human or equine influenza H3 viruses to the receptor is altered by substitutions at residue 193.
The antibody apparently works best when two of these active loops, one on each arm, grab two viral RBSs on separate
hemagglutinins.
A global phylogenetic analysis in order to determine the host species and geography dependent features present in the evolution of avian H9N2 influenza
hemagglutinin. PeerJ.
Think of
hemagglutinin as a miniature broccoli stalk.
The researchers used a relatively new method called deep mutational scanning to build and test
hemagglutinin proteins with nearly every possible amino acid change--about 10,000 in all--in viruses grown in the lab.
The viral
hemagglutinin was genetically fused to ferritin, a protein that naturally forms nanoparticles composed of 24 identical polypeptides.
IAV is subtyped according to antigenic specificity of the surface glycoproteins
hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA).
Another active area involves antibody responses to highly conserved epitopes on
hemagglutinin. A region of vulnerability has been identified in the stem region of
hemagglutinin, the viral spike.
Hemagglutinin and neuraminidase are two key proteins displayed on the surface of the virus particle; they are the H and N used in virus strain names like H1N1.
The new vaccine's novel manufacturing technology allows for production of large quantities of the influenza virus protein
hemagglutinin, or HA, the active ingredient in all inactivated influenza vaccines that is essential for entry of the virus into the body's cells.
Global vaccination program of children with inactivated killed whole cell bacteria significantly reduced disease related mortality, but reactogenecity of the initial whole cell vaccines (Wc) led to generation of acellular pertussis subunit vaccines (Ac) composed of the main immunoprotective pertussis antigens, including Pertussis Toxin (PT), Filamentous
Hemagglutinin (FHA), pertactin and fimberiae 2-3 antigens (3).