The celiac disease diagnostic criteria include: positive serology (autoantibodies against TG2, EMA in the IgA and IgG class and against deamidated
gliadin peptides) and typical histopathological findings (atrophy of the intestinal villi, accompanied by an increase in number of intraepithelial lymphocytes and crypt hypertrophy) [7].
Gliadin increases the expression of interleukin-15 by causing degradation in epithelial cells, whereas an increased expression of interleukin-15 activates intraepithelial lymphocytes.
Other allergens of lower and higher molecular weight including (35-38KDa) and [alpha], [beta], I,
gliadins of 112.5KDa, 95KDa, 85.5KDa, 65KDa, 58KDa, 50KDa, 43KDa, 40KDa, 38.5KDa, 32KDa, 30KDa, 26KDa, 21.5KDa, 19.2KDa, 18KDa were also found as allergens by comparing with allergen database respectively (Figure 6).
Gliadin induces an increase in intestinal permeability and zonulin release by binding to the chemokine receptor CXCR3.
Recently, Kennard et al .[7] reported 132 adult WDEIA patients in 4 UK centers diagnosed based on a clinical history compatible with allergic reactions after wheat consumption and with positive omega-5
gliadin specific IgE without performing food exercise challenge test.
Hernandez, "Enamel defects associated with coeliac disease: putative role of antibodies against
gliadin in pathogenesis," European Journal of Oral Sciences, vol.
[31] reported
gliadin particles with spherical morphology with a diameter of 200 nm, and agglomeration is present but the particles are distinguishable.
This technique is generally used for
gliadin and elastin peptide nanoparticles.
Also, data from the previous studies demonstrated that certain
gliadin peptides such as p31-p43 dos not bind to HLA-DQ2 or HLA-DQ8 [17, 34] but are able to induce an immune response through TLRs [17, 34, 35].
Frequent occurrence of non-specific
gliadin antibodies in chronic liver disease.
CDED combines partial EN with a diet that strictly excludes animal fat, high sugar intake,
gliadin, emulsifiers, and maltodextrin.
The others are albumin, globulin, and
gliadin. Also, a wheat allergy triggers a response similar to other allergies you might have to pollen or animal dander, including swelling or irritation of the mouth or throat, hives or a skin rash, watery eyes, headache, and anaphylaxis (constricted airways that make breathing difficult).