Dura was clearly and completely exposed after the removal of ligamentum flavum and
epidural fat tissue of the relevant surgical area.
* Execution of sealed envelope was done at time of combined spinal
epidural anaesthesia.
Conclusions: In this study, it was determined that the pain decreased with
epidural analgesia, perfusion index increased and the pain level increased significantly when the perfusion index started to decrease.
The area where the
epidural injection is to be inserted will be numbed prior to performing the procedure with a local anaesthetic injection.
A recent audit at a tertiary public hospital in the Western Cape revealed that only 2.2% of labouring mothers received labour
epidural analgesia, and that
epidural placement was done for a medical indication, upon request from an obstetrician, and not on patient request.
Keywords: Arthroplasty, Enoxaparin,
Epidural hematoma, Neurologic deficit, Thromboprophylaxis.
The needle was slowly advanced, and the
epidural space was identified at a depth of 1.5 cm using the loss-of-resistance technique.
Epidural steroid injections (ESIs) are generally considered safe and effective for the relief of radicular pain, as well as pain from other spinal conditions.
Knowledge of pharmacokinetic parameters of this corticosteroid following
epidural administration into other areas of the spine beyond the lumbar region is necessary to help us better understand the duration of clinical effect and to compare the results to the results of lumbar
epidural injection.
SEAs are most common in thoracolumbar areas, where the
epidural space is larger and contains fatty tissue [4].
Epidural pain relief refers to local anaesthetics and adjuvants injected into the
epidural space.