enkephalin

[en-kef´ah-lin]

either of two pentapeptides, composed of four identical amino acids and either leucine or methionine, referred to as leu-enkephalin and met-enkephalin. The enkephalins function as neurotransmitters or neuromodulators at many locations in the brain and spinal cord and are involved with pain perception, movement, mood, behavior, and neuroendocrine regulation; they are also found in nerve plexuses and exocrine glands of the gastrointestinal tract.

enkephalin

(ĕn-kĕf′ə-lĭn)

Either of two closely related pentapeptides having opiate qualities and occurring in the brain, spinal cord, and other parts of the body.

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References in periodicals archive

Striatal enkephalin and dynorphin opioid systems mediate reward and negative affect, respectively, and are relevant to addiction disorders.

Neurogenetics and clinical evidence for the putative activation of the brain reward circuitry by a neuroadaptagen: proposing an addiction candidate gene panel map

Higher concentrations of the endogenous opioid enkephalin, as well as gamma-aminobutyric acid, have been measured after HF stimulation; higher concentrations of [beta]-endorphin and serotonin have been found after LF stimulation [28-29].

Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation for treatment of spinal cord injury neuropathic pain

Both 1-10 [micro]M of the mu-receptor agonist D-ala2, N-Me-Phe4,Gly-ol5 enkephalin (DAMGO), and 1-10 [micro]M morphine have greater effects on high voltage-activated Ca2+ currents in IB4-negative than in IB4-positive cells (44).

Morphine: axon regeneration, neuroprotection, neurotoxicity, tolerance, and neuropathic pain

Peptides such as methionine enkephalin and leucine enkephalin and the proteins chignolin and TRP Cage are examined in this study.

Section II: chemistry

Leucine enkephalin was added through postcolumn infusion to serve as an internal mass calibrant, to confirm analyte identification using accurate mass estimation (Benotti et al.

Sumithrin immunotoxicity in the American lobster (Homarus americanus) upon experimental exposure

Buccal permeation of [D-Ala2, D-Leu5] enkephalin from liquid crystalline phases of glyceryl monooleate.

Histological evaluation of the bone repair using mineral trioxide aggregate combined to a material carrier/Evaluacion histologica del proceso de reparacion osea utilizando agregado trioxido mineral combinado a un material cargador

* studies showing low pain thresholds (17) and abnormal beta-endorphin (an opioid peptide neurotransmitter) (18) and methionine enkephalin (an opioid peptide) (19) levels in PTSD patients.

Can medications prevent PTSD in trauma victims? Extinguishing the process that trauma sets in motion may avoid chronic anxiety

Increased levels of enkephalin following natural sunlight (combined with salt water bathing at the Dead Sea) and ultraviolet A irradiation.

Talasoterapia. Revision de los articulos cientificos publicados en los ultimos 20 anos

It stimulates the beta-endorphin and enkephalin synthesis, proving the comfort, well-being and pleasure sensation perceived when applying the product on the skin, favoring skin homeostasis thus inducing an immediate sensorial effect.

Actives new ingredients

Degeneration occurs in the spiny neurons enriched in gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA) and enkephalin that project to the external globus pallidus.

Physiotherapy for people with movement disorders arising from basal ganglia dysfunction

They noted that persons exposed to repeated shock and injury become physiologically less sensitive to pain and have elevated levels of one of the body's natural painkillers, enkephalin. For example, abused children may become habitually accustomed to these elevated levels.

Self-injurious behavior: a bi-modal treatment approach to working with adolescent females.