drugs

pharmacophobia.

Farlex Partner Medical Dictionary © Farlex 2012

hypohidrosis

Reduced sweat production

Hypohidrosis

I Inherited conditions, eg hereditary anhydrotic ectodermal dysplasia, ichthyosis, or angiokeratoma corporis diffusum universale

II Acquired conditions

Collagen vascular diseases–-Sjögren syndrome, progressive systemic sclerosis

Dermatopathies–Miliaria profunda, pemphigus vulgaris, psoriasis

Drugs Anticholinergics, eg atropine, scopolamine; ganglionic blockers

Endocrinopathies Diabetes insipidus, hypothyroidism, hypothalamic lesions

Environmental stress Heat stroke and dehydration

Peripheral neuropathy Alcohol, amyloidosis, DM, Horner syndrome, leprosy

gynecomastia

Benign enlargement of ♂ breast that most commonly affects boys and adolescents, often regresses at puberty; it is usually due to a proliferation of glandular component; may occur in Klinefelter syndrome or after malnutrition Age-related peaks

1. Perinatal, in 60-90% of ♂ at birth, due to transplacental passage of estrogens.

2. Pubertal, up to 70%, depending on stringency of definition.

3. Involutional, age 50-80% Treatment Clomiphene, tamoxifen, testolactone, surgery. See Adolescent gynecomastia.

Gynecomastia Etiology

Endocrinopathy Orchitis, hypogonadism–androgen deficiency, androgen resistance, tumors/hyperplasia of adrenal gland, testes, eg Leydig cell tumor–↑ hCG, lung CA, Klinefelter syndrome–↑ risk of breast CA and thyroid hyperplasia

Drugs α-methyldopa, amphetamine, androgens, benzodiazepines, cimetidine, chemotherapeutics, digitalis, INH, marijuana, penicillamine, phenothiazine, reserpine, spironolactone, tricyclic antidepressants

Other conditions Starvation diet–mechanism: testicular, hepatic hypofunction or on resuming feeding, hemodialysis, liver disease–cirrhosis, hepatomas, hemochromatosis, due to ↓ hepatic metabolism of estrogens, mycosis fungoides, myotonic dystrophy with spastic paraplegia, leprosy

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References in periodicals archive

* Wrap up the lesson by asking students, How would you respond to a friend who says, "I know that using drugs reduces stress"?

Stress and drug abuse

A recent study by economist Benjamin Zycher published by the Manhattan Institute for Policy Research shows that whatever saving appears to be realized by government negotiating will be more than offset by greater human suffering because of fewer new and beneficial drugs. There would inevitably be lower industry returns and a reduction in spending on research and development.

The ills of fixing drug prices

Unlike traditional drugs, biologics do not currently have a Food and Drug Administration review and approval process for biogeneric drugs once the innovator drug's patent has expired.

Special delivery: health insurers need to manage the cost and use of specialty drugs

First, we conducted a literature review to identify current estimates of prevalence and the adverse consequences associated with use of these drugs. We included physical and medical harms, psychological harms, and adverse social and developmental consequences.

An update on adolescent drug use: what school counselors need to know

IN PREPARATION FOR THIS month's column on best practices for employee and pre-employment drug testing, human resource departments at more than 25 colleges and universities nationwide were contacted.

To test or not to test? Institutions should consider expanding their drug-testing practices. Here's why

To the Editor: Global surveillance of drug resistance has shown that a substantial proportion of tuberculosis (TB) patients are infected with drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains (1).

Drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Taiwan

* establish a fund to show which drugs produce positive outcomes;

Ontario sets drug reform plan

The prescription drugs most often abused by teens are painkillers, antianxiety medications (benzodiazepines), stimulants, and steroids--powerful drugs that carry real health risks.

Prescription drugs: their use and abuse

He brilliantly exposes the mismatch between marketers' perception of drugs as just another consumer product, no different from cars or computers, and the fact that all drugs can have side effects, some of them more dangerous than others.

Ill informed: how drug companies convince Americans they're sicker than they are

Food and Drug Administration in June, BiDil, the first drug marketed specifically for treatment of heart failure among African Americans, has aroused suspicion about its safety and set off a debate about attitudes surrounding race and medical research.

Are race-specific drugs unethical? With BiDil on the market, experts weigh the moral implications

They also show up in the qualms of psychiatrists who worry that these drugs can be dangerous short cuts and in the public statements of regulators who suggest they're overused.

In defense of happy pills: why talk to a shrink if Prozac or Zoloft will do the trick?

But Caitlin's desire to chill soon became a daily obsession: "My whole day became about what drugs I was going to do and where I was going to get them.

Prescription for trouble: from middle schoolers lookin' for a buzz to high school students attempting to lose weight to college kids pulling all nighters, Ritalin abuse is rampant. But most girls don't know pills can be as dangerous as street drugs. Why are so many willing to take the risk? Here are the facts about this troubling trend