In advanced cases, tissue exposed to freezing temperatures for long periods (
deep frostbite) can die (necrosis) and require surgical removal.
Deep frostbite injuries will normally demarcate clearly with dry necrosis of the devitalised tissue, allowing amputation at 6-12 weeks post injury.
(3-6) Superficial frostbite affects skin and subcutaneous tissues, whereas
deep frostbite injuries can also affect bone, joints, and tendons.
If the area freezes further,
deep frostbite occurs.
Blisters will appear with
deep frostbite, and skin may become cold, waxy, pale and hard.
Signs of
deep frostbite injury include purplish-colored "wooden skin," or skin so stiff that you can almost knock on it.